Карта знаний PHP — qwen3.8:latest, run-22 · think: low

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Double-quoted strings interpolate variables and interpret escape sequences (e.g. \\n, \\t), while single-quoted strings treat content almost literally; the difference is not merely speed."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The null coalescing operator (??) is shorthand for isset() ?: and does not raise warnings or notices for undefined variables."}

{"answer": "ab", "explanation": "The echo statement in PHP accepts multiple comma-separated arguments and prints them consecutively without any separator."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, print is a language construct that evaluates to the string '1', so it can be used inside expressions (unlike echo)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Elvis operator returns the left operand when it is truthy, and the right operand when it is falsy."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, the concatenation operator (.) has lower precedence than arithmetic operators like + and -, so 'a + b . c' is parsed as '(a + b) . c'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The ** operator is right-associative in PHP, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 2 ** 9 = 512, not 64."}

{"answer": "sum: 5", "explanation": "The + operator has higher precedence than the . concatenation operator, so it is parsed as 'sum: ' . (2 + 3) = 'sum: 5'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "With strict comparison (===), arrays must have the same key/value pairs in the same order and be of the same type to be considered equal."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "0 == false returns true (not false), and == is a loose comparison, not a strict one (=== is strict)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP 8, when comparing a non-numeric string to an integer, the integer is cast to a string instead, so 'abc' == 0 becomes 'abc' == '0', which is false."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP (prior to 8.0), null == 0, null == '', and null == false all evaluate to true under loose comparison."}

{"answer": 42, "explanation": "Casting a string to int in PHP parses the leading numeric portion, so '42abc' becomes 42."}

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "PHP coerces the numeric string '5' to an integer and performs arithmetic addition, resulting in the integer 10."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Casting false to a string in PHP results in an empty string \"\", not \"0\"."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Due to floating-point precision, 0.1 + 0.2 equals 0.30000000000000004, which is not strictly equal (===) to 0.3."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strrev() reverses a string byte-by-byte, which corrupts multi-byte UTF-8 characters; use mb_strrev() instead."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "str_contains() returns true because 'world' is found as a substring in 'Hello world'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "str_pad() can pad on the left (STR_PAD_LEFT), right (STR_PAD_RIGHT), or both sides (STR_PAD_BOTH)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, trim() strips spaces, tabs, newlines, returns, nulls, and vertical tabs — not just spaces."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "In UTF-8, 'h'=1 byte, 'é'=2 bytes (U+00E9 → 0xC3A9), 'l'=1, 'l'=1, 'o'=1, totaling 6 bytes."}

{"answer": "def", "explanation": "substr with a negative start position of -3 begins 3 characters from the end of 'abcdef', returning 'def'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ucfirst() returns a new string with the first character uppercased; it does not modify the original string in place."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Heredoc (<<EOF) interpolates variables like double-quoted strings, while nowdoc (<<<'EOF') treats content as a single-quoted string with no interpolation."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "sort() re-indexes the array with numeric keys; asort() is the function that preserves key-to-value association."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, string keys that represent valid integers are automatically cast to integer keys, so '5' is stored as the integer 5."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "in_array() uses loose comparison (==) by default; the third parameter $strict must be explicitly set to true to use ===."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Without a callback, array_filter() removes elements that evaluate to falsy (false, 0, '', '0', null, []) by default."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, the $preserve_keys parameter is false, so array_slice() reindexes the resulting array starting from 0."}

{"answer": "[20, 30]", "explanation": "array_slice starts at index 1 and takes 2 elements, yielding [20, 30]."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "Array union keeps left-side values for duplicate keys and only adds new keys from the right side, resulting in ['a'=>1, 'b'=>2']."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.1 extended the array spread operator to allow arrays with string keys, previously it only worked with integer keys."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Named arguments can be combined with argument unpacking in a single call, as long as the named arguments come before the ...$args unpacking (e.g., func(a: 1, ...$args) is valid)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, closures do not automatically inherit outer scope variables; you must explicitly use the 'use' keyword to import them."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments passed to the function call, which is 3 (1, 2, 3), regardless of how many parameters are declared."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Arrow functions (fn) in PHP are limited to a single expression body; they cannot use curly braces with multiple statements."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions (fn) capture outer variables by value at the time of creation, not by reference at use time."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a static closure does not bind to the object scope, so $this is not available inside it."}

{"answer": 5, "explanation": "The closure captures $x by value at creation time (5), so the later reassignment to 7 does not affect it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In coercive (weak) typing mode, PHP automatically converts compatible values like the string '5' to the expected int type."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Constructor property promotion was introduced in PHP 8.0, allowing properties to be declared and assigned directly in the constructor parameters."}

{"answer": "final", "explanation": "The 'final' keyword in PHP prevents a method from being overridden by subclasses."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a final method cannot be overridden in a subclass; attempting to do so results in a fatal error."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Private properties are only accessible within the class that defines them, not in subclasses."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "Class@anonymous", "explanation": "Anonymous classes in PHP have a generated name where the part before the NUL byte is 'Class@anonymous'."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A private method in the parent class is not visible to the child, so the child is free to declare a method with the same name using any visibility (public, protected, or private)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "__get() is called for both inaccessible (private/protected) and undefined properties when accessed from outside the class."}

{"answer": "Error", "explanation": "Reassigning a readonly property in PHP 8.1+ throws an Error (not an Exception)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, interfaces can declare constants, which are always public and cannot be overridden by implementing classes."}

{"answer": "instanceof", "explanation": "The instanceof operator in PHP checks whether an object is an instance of a specific class or interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP interfaces can declare static methods, and the implementing class must provide the static method implementation."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's instanceof operator checks both class inheritance and interface implementation, so an object is instanceof an interface if its class implements that interface."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP interface methods must be abstract and cannot have a body; only traits (and regular classes) can provide default method implementations."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, abstract methods can be declared as public or protected, so protected visibility is allowed."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Foo::cases() returns an array of all enum cases, and there are three: A, B, and C."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Traits in PHP can declare constants, which are then accessible in any class that uses the trait."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP 7+, both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface, making it their common ancestor."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "TypeError extends Error, not Exception; they are sibling classes both implementing Throwable, so catch(Exception) will not catch TypeError."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The @ operator suppresses errors (warnings, notices) but does not suppress exceptions; exceptions will still be thrown and must be handled with try/catch."}

{"answer": "DivisionByZeroError", "explanation": "intdiv(5, 0) throws a DivisionByZeroError because the divisor is zero."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The finally block runs regardless of whether an exception was thrown or caught; it always executes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An exception thrown in a finally block will actually suppress (replace) any exception that was thrown in the try block, so it does have an effect."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, casting any object to bool always results in true, so (bool) new Exception('x') evaluates to true (yes)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Shutdown functions registered with register_shutdown_function() are called during the shutdown process, which is triggered when exit() or die() is called."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The use statement is a compile-time alias that simply maps a shorter name to a fully qualified class name; it does not trigger autoloading or load the file."}

{"answer": "function", "explanation": "In PHP, 'use function' is used to import a function from a namespace, while 'use const' is used to import a constant."}

{"answer": "Controller/Api/UserController.php", "explanation": "PSR-4 strips the 'App\\' prefix, converts remaining namespace separators to directory slashes, and appends .php, giving src/Controller/Api/UserController.php."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Composer's vendor/autoload.php ultimately creates a ClassLoader instance and registers it via spl_autoload_register()."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "__NAMESPACE__ is a PHP magic constant that is compiled at build time and contains the name of the current namespace (or an empty string for the global namespace)."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An unqualified class name in `new` is resolved relative to the current namespace, not the global root; a leading backslash is required to force global resolution."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PSR-4 maps the remaining namespace segments (Model\\User) to subdirectories and filename, resulting in src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a use statement can be placed inside a function body, in which case the imported alias is scoped to that function only."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, arrays are value types and are copied on assignment (using copy-on-write optimization since PHP 5.3), not passed by reference by default."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "PHP arrays are copied by value (copy-on-write), so modifying $b does not affect $a, which still has 2 elements."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, variables in the global scope are not visible inside function scope unless explicitly accessed via the global keyword, $GLOBALS superglobal, or passed as parameters."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "no", "explanation": "$GLOBALS['x'] is a direct reference to the global variable, so unset($GLOBALS['x']) removes the global variable entirely, not just for the current function scope."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The function takes $x by reference, so incrementing $x inside the function modifies $n directly, resulting in 6."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's foreach (by value) iterates over the array's internal structure as it exists at loop start; newly added elements are not visited in the same pass, and removals can cause elements to be skipped."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A static property belongs to the class itself, not to individual instances, so all objects share the same value and changes are visible across all instances."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, boolean array keys are cast to integers: true becomes 1 and false becomes 0, so they are stored as int, not bool."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Since PHP 7.1, a generator can return a value (not yield it), and that value is accessible via the Generator::getReturn() method after the generator is fully consumed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP generators are one-shot iterators; once fully consumed, they cannot be rewound or traversed again."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The yield from construct (a Python feature) does delegate traversal to another generator or iterable, making the statement true."}

{"answer": "Generator", "explanation": "A function containing yield returns a Generator object, and get_class() returns its class name 'Generator'."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The generator yields 3 elements (1, 2, 3) via yield from, iterator_to_array converts them to an array of 3 elements, and count returns 3."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SplStack implements a LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) stack, not a FIFO queue; SplQueue is the class that implements a FIFO queue."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "ArrayIterator is a built-in PHP class that wraps an array and implements the Iterator interface, allowing traversal via current(), key(), next(), rewind(), and valid() methods."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject implements the Iterator interface, so it can be traversed with foreach."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_hash() automatically generates and embeds a random salt in the returned hash; there is no salt parameter to pass."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP 8, PASSWORD_DEFAULT is Argon2id, not MD5."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_verify() returns true when the plaintext password matches the given hash, which it does here since the hash was generated from the same string 'secret'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strip_tags() removes HTML/PHP tags and has no role in preventing SQL injection; that requires prepared statements or proper escaping."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_regenerate_id() creates a new session ID, invalidating the old one, which is the standard defense against session fixation attacks, especially upon privilege changes like login."}

{"answer": "php_sapi_name()", "explanation": "php_sapi_name() returns the SAPI name, such as 'cli' for command-line interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_destroy() only destroys the session data on the server; the session cookie in the browser must be explicitly cleared with setcookie() or a header."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "session_start() must be called before $_SESSION is available; it is not automatically populated without it."}

{"answer": "not introduced", "explanation": "array_find() is not a built-in PHP function; no such function exists in PHP's standard library."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.4 introduced property hooks, allowing get/set logic to be defined directly in the property declaration."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Asymmetric visibility (e.g., public private(set) string $name) is a new feature introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.4 to indicate that a function's return value should not be silently discarded."}

{"answer": "none", "explanation": "The pipe operator |> has been proposed in PHP RFCs but has not been accepted or released in any PHP version as of PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The 'clone-with' syntax clone($obj, ['x' => 1]) does not exist in any released PHP version; PHP's clone keyword only supports the simple clone $object form."}

{"answer": "not introduced", "explanation": "array_first() and array_last() are not built-in PHP functions in any released version as of PHP 8.4; they are commonly found in frameworks like Laravel but are not part of the standard PHP library."}

{"answer": "N/A", "explanation": "There is no RFC called 'Partial Function Application v2' in PHP; this appears to be a fabricated RFC name."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "The clamp() function was introduced in PHP 8.4 via the accepted RFC clamp_v2."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Context Managers v2 RFC has not been adopted into PHP; it was rejected or remains unaccepted as of the stated date."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Bound-Erased Generic Types RFC was declined in 2025, not 2026."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "As of the current date, no RFC enabling ZTS (Zend Thread Safety) multithreading by default has been accepted in PHP; the default build remains non-thread-safe."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP has never implemented true generics (parameterized types), and no such feature exists in PHP 8.5 or any prior version."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP follows a yearly November release cycle, so PHP 8.5 (released Nov 2025) would be the latest stable as of Nov 7, 2026, with PHP 8.6's GA expected around Nov 19, 2026."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 6 was planned but never released; PHP 7.0 (December 2015) followed directly after the PHP 5.6 series."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "no", "explanation": "The RFC to add a built-in #[\\Deprecated] attribute to PHP core was not adopted; deprecation is still handled via E_DEPRECATED notices and @deprecated docblocks."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In clean and onion architecture, the dependency rule dictates that all dependencies point inward toward the domain core, so inner layers have no knowledge of outer ones."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In DDD and clean architecture, domain entities are pure PHP objects that should have no dependencies on frameworks like Symfony or ORMs like Doctrine, keeping the domain layer decoupled from infrastructure."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates belong to the presentation (interface) layer, not the business-logic layer; they call use cases but are not themselves business logic."}

{"answer": "Domain", "explanation": "In onion architecture, the domain layer (entities and business rules) sits at the very center, with all other layers depending inward toward it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Deptrac is a PHP layer-dependency analyzer that enforces architectural rules and fails the build when a forbidden layer dependency is detected."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Use cases (interactors) should be framework-agnostic and infrastructure-agnostic; accepting an HTTP request or EntityManager couples them to specific technologies, violating Clean Architecture principles."}

{"answer": "Repository", "explanation": "The Repository pattern provides a collection-like interface for accessing domain aggregates/entities while abstracting the underlying storage mechanism."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Clean Architecture the database is an outermost-layer detail; the domain and use cases depend only on interfaces (ports), so swapping the DB engine requires changes only in the frameworks/drivers layer."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An aggregate is a domain-level consistency boundary (a cluster of entities and value objects), not a technical storage structure like a database table; they exist at different layers of the architecture and do not necessarily map one-to-one."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Value Objects are immutable and their equality is determined by the values of their fields, not by object identity (reference equality)."}

{"answer": "Aggregate Root", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, the Aggregate Root is the single entry point of an aggregate through which all external modifications must pass."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In DDD, a repository is defined for an aggregate root, and all entities within that aggregate are accessed through the root, not via their own repositories."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, Ubiquitous Language is the shared vocabulary used consistently by both developers and domain experts to describe the domain model."}

{"answer": "bounded context", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, a bounded context is the boundary within which a model and its ubiquitous language are consistent, while the same terms may mean different things outside it."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DDD recommends rich domain models where business logic is encapsulated within the domain objects themselves; anemic models with logic in services are considered an anti-pattern in DDD."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, a bounded context is a boundary within which a domain model applies, and the same real-world concept can be modeled as different classes with different attributes and behaviors in different contexts."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's DI container instantiates services only when they are first requested (e.g., via get() or injection), not eagerly at container build time."}

{"answer": "debug:router", "explanation": "The Symfony console command 'debug:router' lists all registered routes in the application."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The whole purpose of autowiring is to automatically resolve dependencies based on type hints, eliminating the need to manually declare most services in services.yaml."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP classes (extending Twig\\Template) and caches the resulting PHP files to avoid recompilation on subsequent requests."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In the dev environment, Symfony caches the compiled container and only rebuilds it when tracked files (e.g., service config, kernel) have changed."}

{"answer": "APP_ENV", "explanation": "Since Symfony 4.4/5.x, the APP_ENV environment variable determines the active environment (e.g., dev, prod, test)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony controller action methods must be public; the framework invokes them via reflection and will throw an error if the method is private."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Both listeners and subscribers are ordered by priority value, not by their type; a subscriber with low priority will be called after a listener with high priority."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Guard authentication system was removed in Symfony 6.0, and the new system is based on AuthenticatorInterface (introduced in 5.3)."}

{"answer": "IsGranted", "explanation": "The #[IsGranted] attribute in Symfony checks if the current user has the specified role or permission on a controller method, returning a 403 Forbidden if they don't."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Voters in Symfony are the mechanism for object-level access control, and isGranted('EDIT', $post) is the typical way to check a specific permission on a specific object using the Voter system."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony 7 removed support for the doctrine/annotations-based annotation syntax, so validation constraints must be declared using PHP 8 attributes like #[Assert\\NotBlank]."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony forms have CSRF protection enabled by default; a token is automatically added and validated on submission unless explicitly disabled."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony always performs server-side form validation; client-side HTML5 checks are only a UX convenience and can be bypassed, so server-side validation is mandatory."}

{"answer": "make:form", "explanation": "The Symfony MakerBundle command 'make:form' generates a FormType class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony only stores the user's identity (e.g., user ID) in the session after authentication; the password is never stored in the session, as it is verified against a hash and then discarded."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony, bundle configurations are conventionally stored in config/packages/ with one file per bundle or topic (e.g., framework.yaml, doctrine.yaml, twig.yaml)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "This is a common best practice: commit a .env with safe dev defaults for reference, while keeping actual secrets in a gitignored .env.local (or similar) file."}

{"answer": "debug:container", "explanation": "The Symfony command 'debug:container' lists all registered services and their aliases in the service container."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Once the container is frozen (which happens at kernel boot), calling setParameter() throws a LogicException; you can only get parameters, not set them, from a controller."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Since Symfony 4.0, services are private by default (public: false) to allow the container to optimize and remove unused services."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Many bundles work without any configuration file in config/packages, as they can rely on autoconfiguration or have sensible defaults built in."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony, environment variables are referenced in YAML configuration files (like services.yaml) using the %env(VAR)% syntax."}

{"answer": "APP_DEBUG", "explanation": "The APP_DEBUG environment variable in Symfony controls debug mode, enabling the profiler, Twig debug toolbar, and detailed error pages."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger allows multiple handlers for a single message, which will all be executed in sequence."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The sync transport processes the message immediately in the same process without any queueing; it does not wait for a worker."}

{"answer": "messenger:consume", "explanation": "The Symfony console command `messenger:consume` starts the worker that processes messages from the Messenger queue transport."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony Messenger, the retry_strategy (max_retries, delay, multiplier, max_delay) is configured per transport in the framework configuration."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger's default Serializer uses the Symfony Serializer component with 'json' as the default format."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony Scheduler is designed to schedule the dispatching of messages through the Messenger component at defined times."}

{"answer": "doctrine", "explanation": "The 'doctrine' transport in Symfony Messenger stores messages in database tables managed by Doctrine ORM."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Laravel's Messenger allows you to extend its pipeline by adding custom middleware via the $middleware property on a command, which can be placed before or after built-in middleware."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony major releases come out every year (not every two years), while minor releases do come every six months in May and November."}

{"answer": 8.4, "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires a minimum PHP version of 8.4, following Symfony's pattern of requiring the latest stable PHP release."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 7.0 removed support for docblock annotations; PHP 8 attributes are now the only supported way to configure validation, routes, etc."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's AssetMapper component manages CSS/JS assets using an import map (importmap.php) without requiring Node.js or webpack."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 6.4 is a Long-Term Support (LTS) release, with bug fixes until November 2025 and security fixes until November 2027."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony removes deprecated features in the next major version; that is the entire purpose of the deprecation cycle."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony provides an UPGRADE-X.Y.md guide for each major release, documenting all breaking changes and migration steps."}

{"answer": "AssetMapper", "explanation": "Symfony AssetMapper (symfony/asset-mapper) is the component that manages assets and importmaps without requiring Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony releases minor versions roughly every 6 months; as of November 2026, at most Symfony 8.0 or 8.1 could be out, making 8.2 not yet released."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Following the six-month cycle from Symfony 7.0 (May 2024), version 8.2 would land around November 2027, not November 2026 (which would correspond to ~8.0)."}

{"answer": "8.2", "explanation": "Following Symfony's semver minor release cadence, the version after 8.1 is 8.2."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony major releases introduce breaking changes requiring migration work, but not a full rewrite, and '8.2' would be a minor release within the 8.x line, not a major one."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP's backward compatibility policy guarantees that within the same major version (e.g., 8.1 → 8.2), existing code will not be broken; only new features are added and deprecations may be introduced without removal."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "Following Symfony's pattern of five minor releases per major branch (like 5.4 and 6.4), the last minor version of the 8.x line before 9.0 is 8.4."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 does not exist; the current major line is Symfony 7.x, and no such version with a PHP 8.5 requirement is documented."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's deprecation policy guarantees that deprecated features are only removed in the next major version, so deprecations introduced in 8.x will persist at least until 9.0."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig's {{ }} syntax only supports its own limited expression language (variables, filters, basic operators, method calls on objects) and does not allow calling arbitrary PHP functions or code directly."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig auto-escapes variables by default using the 'html' escaping strategy to prevent XSS attacks."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The |e filter (short for |escape) escapes a string for safe HTML output by default using htmlspecialchars."}

{"answer": "number_format", "explanation": "The number_format filter from twig/intl-extra formats a number according to a given locale."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Blade templates, the |raw filter prevents auto-escaping, allowing the value to be output as-is (equivalent to using {!! !!} syntax)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Twig, {{ }} is used to output the value of an expression, while {% %} is used to execute structural tags like if, for, and set."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig allows declaring variables inside templates using the {% set %} tag."}

{"answer": "dump", "explanation": "The dump() function in Twig outputs the debug structure of a variable, similar to var_dump() in PHP."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap is a front-end CSS/JS library providing UI components (grids, buttons, modals, etc.) and is not an SPA framework like React, Angular, or Vue."}

{"answer": "container", "explanation": "The .container class in Bootstrap provides a responsive centered container with a fixed max-width at each breakpoint, unlike .container-fluid which is always 100% width."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Bootstrap grid splits a row into 12 columns (not 16), and modern Bootstrap (v4+) uses Flexbox rather than CSS floats."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 defines exactly five named breakpoints: sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Bootstrap, spacing utilities like .mt-3 or .px-2 compute their value as the number multiplied by $spacer (e.g., 3 * $spacer)."}

{"answer": "data-bs-toggle", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, the data-bs-toggle attribute is used to enable interactive components such as dropdowns, tooltips, popovers, and collapse on an element."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 removed its jQuery dependency and all components are built with vanilla JavaScript."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 dark mode is enabled with the data-bs-theme=\"dark\" attribute, not a .dark class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Doctrine ORM does not automatically create tables at runtime; you must explicitly run schema tools (e.g., orm:schema-tool:update) to create or update the database schema."}

{"answer": "persist", "explanation": "EntityManager::persist() marks an entity as managed and schedules an INSERT, but the SQL is only executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "EntityManager::merge() exists in Doctrine ORM 3 and returns a managed copy of the passed detached entity."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "DQL (Doctrine Query Language) is an ORM-level query language that uses entity names and their mapped fields rather than raw table and column names."}

{"answer": "null", "explanation": "Doctrine's EntityRepository::find() returns null when no entity with the given ID is found."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default, DoctrineBundle's auto_commit option is true, which causes flush() to be called automatically at the end of each request."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Unit of Work tracks managed entities and detects property changes automatically, so flush() will generate the appropriate UPDATE query without needing an explicit persist() call."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Doctrine's remove() only schedules the deletion in the Unit of Work; the actual SQL DELETE is executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "MVCC's purpose is precisely the opposite: readers do not block writers and writers do not block readers, as they operate on different versions of the data."}

{"answer": "EXPLAIN", "explanation": "The EXPLAIN command displays the query execution plan without actually running the query."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "While both auto-generate integers, SERIAL is a PostgreSQL shorthand that creates a separate sequence + default + unique constraint, whereas GENERATED AS IDENTITY is a SQL-standard column attribute with different management and behavior."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PostgreSQL, NULL values are considered distinct from each other, so a UNIQUE constraint allows multiple rows with NULL in the same column."}

{"answer": "string_agg", "explanation": "PostgreSQL's string_agg() aggregate function concatenates strings with a specified separator."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Plain VACUUM only marks dead tuple space as reusable within the table; it does not return space to the operating system (that requires VACUUM FULL)."}

{"answer": "PARTITION BY", "explanation": "The PARTITION BY clause in a window function divides the result set into groups over which the window function is computed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "READ COMMITTED only prevents dirty reads; non-repeatable reads are prevented at the REPEATABLE READ level or higher."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default, PostgreSQL runs in autocommit mode, where each SQL statement is automatically committed upon completion unless explicitly wrapped in a BEGIN...COMMIT block."}

{"answer": "COMMIT", "explanation": "The COMMIT SQL command ends a transaction and permanently saves all changes made within it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Indexes help the database engine quickly locate rows for any DML operation (SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE) that uses the indexed column in the WHERE clause."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "SAVEPOINT allows you to create a named point within a transaction that you can roll back to, undoing only the statements after that point without aborting the entire transaction."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "EXPLAIN ANALYZE actually executes the query and reports real execution times, whereas plain EXPLAIN shows the plan without executing."}

{"answer": "pgvector", "explanation": "pgvector is a PostgreSQL extension that adds a vector type and supports vector similarity indexing for embedding search."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A partial index in PostgreSQL contains only the rows that satisfy the specified WHERE condition, reducing index size and improving performance for targeted queries."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE using Serializable Snapshot Isolation (SSI), which relies on MVCC and anomaly detection/aborts, not by locking rows read by the transaction."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP 201 'Created' indicates that the request was successful and a new resource was created as a result."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP 204 No Content indicates a successful request with an empty response body, commonly returned after DELETE operations."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The HTTP specification (RFC 7231) explicitly classifies DELETE as an idempotent method, meaning repeated requests have the same effect on the server state."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is sent by the server (not the client) to indicate which origin is permitted to access the resource."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP 429 Too Many Requests is specifically defined (RFC 6585) for indicating that a client has sent too many requests in a given time frame, i.e., it has exceeded a rate limit."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "It's the opposite: 4xx codes indicate client errors and 5xx codes indicate server errors."}

{"answer": "Content-Type", "explanation": "The Content-Type HTTP header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "RFC 5789 explicitly states that PATCH is not idempotent by default, whereas PUT is required to be idempotent per RFC 7231."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Using == is vulnerable to timing attacks; you should use hash_equals() for constant-time comparison."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "CSRF tokens are server-generated, bound to the session, and validated server-side on state-changing requests like POST, PUT, DELETE."}

{"answer": "Content-Security-Policy", "explanation": "The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header is used to declare which resources are allowed to load on a page."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "OAuth 2.0 is an authorization protocol, not an authentication protocol; it grants access to resources on behalf of a user without necessarily identifying who that user is (that's OpenID Connect's role)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "XSS is primarily prevented by context-aware output encoding when rendering data in HTML, not by input validation before database storage."}

{"answer": "code", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, the 'code' parameter is returned to the redirect_uri and then exchanged for an access token at the token endpoint."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Refresh tokens are designed to have a longer lifespan than access tokens and are used to obtain new access tokens without requiring the user to re-authenticate."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The salt does not need to be secret; it is typically stored alongside the hash (e.g., in bcrypt or argon2 output) and its purpose is uniqueness, not confidentiality."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit requires test classes to extend PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase in order to be recognized and executed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "setUp() runs before each test method; setUpBeforeClass() (static) runs once before all tests."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A data provider allows a test to run with multiple sets of arguments, not just one."}

{"answer": "expectException", "explanation": "The PHPUnit method expectException() declares an expectation that an exception of the given class will be thrown."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "It's the opposite: a stub returns pre-programmed data, while a mock verifies which methods were called (and can also return data)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHPUnit 10 deprecated the @dataProvider docblock annotation in favor of the #[DataProvider] PHP attribute."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit supports test dependencies via the @depends annotation or depends() method, allowing one test to receive the result of another as a parameter."}

{"answer": "--order-by=random", "explanation": "PHPUnit's --order-by option accepts 'random' as a value to shuffle test execution order."}

{"answer": "3-4", "explanation": "intdiv(7,2) is 3 and intdiv(-7,2) is -4 (floor division), concatenated as string '3-4'."}

{"answer": -9, "explanation": "In PHP, the exponentiation operator ** has higher precedence than unary minus, so -3 ** 2 is parsed as -(3 ** 2) = -9."}

{"answer": "true", "explanation": "Both '1e1' and '10' are numeric strings, so PHP compares them as numbers (10 == 10), making the condition true."}

{"answer": "other", "explanation": "'a' loosely compared to 0 is false (non-numeric string), so it falls to the default case."}

{"answer": "2c", "explanation": "strtr with an array replaces keys sorted by length (longest first), so 'ab' is replaced with '2' first, yielding '2c', then 'a' is not found in the remaining string."}

{"answer": "[]", "explanation": "The string 'hello' has length 5, so offset -10 is before the start of the string, causing substr to return an empty string."}

{"answer": "k,n,m", "explanation": "The union operator + keeps keys from $a and only adds non-duplicate keys from $b, so the result has keys k, n, m."}

{"answer": "yxz", "explanation": "After sorting by the third element (index 2), the order is [2,'y',1], [1,'x',2], [3,'z',2], and extracting column 1 gives 'y','x','z' → 'yxz'."}

{"answer": 4, "explanation": "The spread operator with an associative array maps values by key to parameter names, so $a=5 and $b=1, giving 5-1=4."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 3, "explanation": "The closure created by $p->g(...) holds a reference to the object, so even after $p = null, the object is still alive and $f() calls g() which returns $this->v = 3."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "B", "explanation": "static::class uses late static binding, so it resolves to the class of the actual object instance (B), not the class where the method is defined (A)."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 10, "explanation": "The set hook multiplies the value by 2 (5*2=10), and since no get hook is defined, the default getter returns the backing store value of 10."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "BA", "explanation": "TB::f insteadof TA means f() returns 'B', and TA::f as g aliases TA's f to g() returning 'A', so concatenation gives 'BA'."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Each class that uses a trait gets its own independent copy of static properties, so CX::$n = 1 does not affect CY::$n which remains 0."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "In PHP, a return statement in a finally block overrides the return value from the try block."}

{"answer": "second", "explanation": "The finally block throws a new LogicException which replaces the pending RuntimeException, and the outer catch block catches it and prints its message."}

{"answer": "App\\Foo|Baz", "explanation": "The use statement aliases App\\Foo as Baz, so Baz::class resolves to App\\Foo, while \\Baz::class refers to the global class Baz."}

{"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "class_exists('Foo') looks in the global namespace and finds nothing, while class_exists('Ns\\Foo') finds the defined class."}

{"answer": "1,2,99", "explanation": "After the foreach by reference, $v remains a reference to the last element of $a, so setting $v=99 modifies $a[2]."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Static variables in PHP are shared across all instances and inherited calls, so $n increments to 1, 2, 3 across the three inc() calls."}

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "send(10) assigns 10 to $x, then the generator returns $x + 1 = 11, which is retrieved by getReturn()."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "1,2,ok", "explanation": "yield from inner() yields 1 and 2, then inner() returns 'ok' which is assigned to $r and yielded, producing the sequence 1, 2, ok."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "The hash was created with cost 4, so it doesn't need rehashing at cost 4 (no), but does need rehashing at cost 5 (yes)."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "strict-out", "explanation": "In PHP 8.5, E_STRICT (2048) is no longer included in the E_ALL bitmask, so E_ALL & 2048 evaluates to 0."} ⏎ ```

```json ⏎ {"answer": "mapped", "explanation": "Symfony's ServerBag strips the HTTP_ prefix and converts underscores to hyphens, and HeaderBag::get() is case-insensitive, so 'HTTP_X_TOKEN' maps to 'X-Token' returning 'abc'."} ⏎ ```

```json ⏎ {"answer": "BCA", "explanation": "Symfony's EventDispatcher calls listeners in descending priority order (higher first): B (priority 10), C (priority 5), A (priority 0)."} ⏎ ```

```json ⏎ {"answer": "same", "explanation": "EntityManager::find() checks the UnitOfWork identity map first; since the entity was already persisted and is in the identity map, both calls return the same object instance."} ⏎ ```

```json ⏎ {"answer": 0, "explanation": "Calling remove() on a persisted-but-never-flushed entity cancels the pending INSERT, so flush() has nothing to write to the database."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "COUNT(x) counts non-NULL values in column x, so it returns 1 (the NULL row is excluded)."}

{"answer": "10,30,60", "explanation": "The window function sum(x) OVER (ORDER BY id) produces a running sum (10, 30, 60), and string_agg concatenates them with commas in id order."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "M1M2", "explanation": "Middleware executes in order: M1 echoes 'M1' then delegates to M2, which echoes 'M2' before reaching the terminal handler."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "HandleMessageMiddleware calls all handlers in the locator for the message class, so both closures execute: $n = 0 + 1 + 10 = 11."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The unique index on column a prevents the second INSERT of value 1, and ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING silently skips it, leaving exactly one row."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The UNIQUE constraint is DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED, so it is not enforced until COMMIT, allowing both duplicate inserts to succeed within the transaction."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The --filter test_sum regex matches both test_sum (3 data sets) and test_sum_abs (3 data sets), giving 3 + 3 = 6 tests."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "2, 1", "explanation": "The data provider yields two sets of data ([1] and [-1]), so two tests run; the one with $x = -1 fails because -1 > 0 is false."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "POST", "explanation": "The -d flag in curl sends data in the request body, which automatically sets the HTTP method to POST."}

{"answer": "GET", "explanation": "The -G flag forces curl to use the GET method, appending the -d data as a query string to the URL."}

{"answer": "invalid_client", "explanation": "RFC 6749 Section 5.2 specifies that when the client is not recognized or authentication fails, the token endpoint returns the error value 'invalid_client'."}

{"answer": "fragment", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow (response_type=token), the access token is returned in the URI fragment (the part after #) of the redirect_uri."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "The default filter only replaces null/undefined values, not false, so false|default(2) remains false (0 in numeric context), and 0 * 3 = 0."}

{"answer": "a3", "explanation": "In Twig, the + operator has higher precedence than ~, so the expression is parsed as 'a' ~ (1+2), which concatenates 'a' with 3 to produce 'a3'."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "The NotBlank constraint checks the top-level value; [''] is a non-empty array, so it passes and produces no violations."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "valid", "explanation": "Calling isValid() on a non-submitted Symfony form returns true because validate() returns early without adding any errors, so the error count is 0."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "same", "explanation": "By default, Symfony DI services are shared (singleton), so calling get() multiple times returns the same instance."}

{"answer":"hi Bob!","explanation":"During compile(), Symfony recursively resolves parameter placeholders: %greeting% expands to 'hi %name%', then %name% expands to 'Bob', yielding 'hi Bob!'."}

{"answer": 960, "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3, at the lg breakpoint (≥992px), the .container max-width is set to 960px."}

{"answer": "text-danger", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3, both classes have the same specificity, so the one appearing later in the generated CSS wins; 'danger' comes after 'primary' in the theme-colors map, making .text-danger the last rule applied."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 2, "explanation": "The Domain class depends on both Application and Infrastructure, both of which violate the rule that Domain can only depend on Domain."} ⏎ ```

```json ⏎ {"answer": 3, "explanation": "The Domain class depends on Application (PlaceOrder) and Infrastructure (Db, Logger), violating the rule that Domain may only depend on Domain."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "10,15", "explanation": "$a has amount 10, and $c is a new Money object with 10+5=15, so the echo outputs '10,15'."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The exception is thrown before unset() executes, so the item remains and count() returns 1."}

{"answer": "hi", "explanation": "The code instantiates class C, calls hi() which returns 'hi', and echoes it."}

{"answer": "yesno", "explanation": "After newLazyGhost the object is an uninitialized lazy object (yes), but after accessing $o->v the initializer fires and the ghost is hydrated, so it is no longer uninitialized (no)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Symfony Security Guard component (including AbstractGuardAuthenticator) was removed in Symfony 6.0, so the class does not exist in Symfony 8.1."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"AnnotationClassLoader was removed in Symfony 7.0, while AttributeClassLoader exists in 8.1."}