Карта знаний PHP — openai/gpt-6-luna, run-18 · think: medium

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Double-quoted strings interpolate variables and recognize more escape sequences than single-quoted strings."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The null coalescing operator checks variables like isset and does not warn when they are undefined."}

{"answer":"ab","explanation":"The echo construct outputs both strings consecutively."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, `print` returns 1 and can be used as an expression."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Elvis operator returns its left operand when it is truthy, and its right operand otherwise."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP 8, addition and subtraction have higher precedence than the concatenation operator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP exponentiation is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates to 2 ** (3 ** 2), which is 512."}

{"answer":"sum: 5","explanation":"In PHP 8, addition has higher precedence than concatenation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"With strict comparison, arrays must have the same key-value pairs in the same order and with matching types."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, `==` is a loose comparison, and `0 == false` evaluates to true."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, a non-numeric string is compared to the number as a string, so \"abc\" is not equal to \"0\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, `null == 0`, `null == \"\"`, and `null == false` all evaluate to true."}

{"answer":42,"explanation":"PHP converts the leading numeric portion of the string to an integer."}

{"answer":10,"explanation":"PHP converts the numeric string '5' to a number before addition."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Casting `false` to a string in PHP produces an empty string (`\"\"`)."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Floating-point rounding makes 0.1 + 0.2 differ slightly from 0.3."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strrev() reverses bytes, so it can corrupt multibyte UTF-8 characters."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The string 'Hello world' contains the substring 'world'."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"str_pad() can pad on the left, right, or both sides."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, trim() strips spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, NUL bytes, and vertical tabs."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"In UTF-8, “é” uses 2 bytes and the other four characters use 1 byte each."}

{"answer":"def","explanation":"A negative offset starts three characters from the end."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ucfirst() returns a new string with its first character uppercased; it does not modify the input in place."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Heredoc interpolates variables, while nowdoc treats its contents as literal text."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"sort() reindexes the array with numeric keys, so key-to-value associations are not preserved."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP converts a valid decimal integer string used as an array key to an integer key."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, in_array() uses loose comparison; pass true as the third argument to enable strict comparison."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Without a callback, array_filter() removes elements that evaluate to false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, array_slice() reindexes numeric keys; set the fourth argument to true to preserve them."}

{"answer":"[20, 30]","explanation":"It returns the two elements starting at index 1."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The array union keeps the left-hand value for key 'a' and adds key 'b', yielding two elements."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.1 added support for string keys when unpacking arrays with the spread operator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP 8 allows named arguments to be combined with argument unpacking."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A PHP anonymous function does not inherit variables from the outer scope unless they are imported with `use`."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"func_num_args() returns the number of arguments passed, including extra arguments."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP arrow functions have a single-expression body and cannot contain a block of statements in braces."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP arrow functions capture outer variables by value, not by reference."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A static closure is not bound to the current object, so it does not capture $this."}

{"answer":5,"explanation":"The closure captures $x by value when it is created, so it returns 5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Without strict_types, PHP coerces the numeric string \"5\" to an integer for an int parameter."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Constructor property promotion was introduced in PHP 8.0."}

{"answer":"final","explanation":"The `final` keyword prevents subclasses from overriding a method."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A final method cannot be overridden by a subclass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Private properties are accessible only within the class that declares them."}

{"answer":"class@anonymous","explanation":"Anonymous class names begin with `class@anonymous` before the NUL byte."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A parent’s private method is not inherited, so the child may declare a same-named method with any visibility."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"__get() is called when accessing inaccessible as well as non-existent properties."}

{"answer":"Error","explanation":"Reassigning a readonly property throws an Error."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP interfaces can declare constants, which implementing classes inherit."}

{"answer":"instanceof","explanation":"The `instanceof` operator checks whether an object belongs to a class or implements an interface."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP interfaces can declare static methods that implementing classes must define."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, instanceof returns true for objects implementing the specified interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP interface methods declare requirements but do not provide default implementations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Abstract methods may be declared public or protected, but not private."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"Foo::cases() returns one element for each of the three enum cases."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Since PHP 8.2, traits can declare constants."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"TypeError extends Error, not Exception, so it is not caught by catch (Exception $e)."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The @ operator suppresses eligible errors and warnings, but it does not suppress exceptions."}

{"answer":"DivisionByZeroError","explanation":"In PHP, intdiv() throws DivisionByZeroError when the divisor is zero."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A finally block runs whether or not an exception is caught."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An exception thrown in a finally block can override a return value or exception from the try block."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Objects in PHP cast to boolean true."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Registered shutdown functions run when the script ends, including when exit is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The `use` statement only imports a name; the class is loaded when it is first needed."}

{"answer":"function","explanation":"PHP uses `use function` to import a function."}

{"answer":"Controller/Api/UserController.php","explanation":"The namespace prefix App\\ maps to src/, leaving Controller\\Api\\UserController as the relative path."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Composer’s vendor/autoload.php registers its autoloader using spl_autoload_register()."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"__NAMESPACE__ contains the name of the current namespace, or an empty string in the global namespace."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In a namespace, an unqualified class name in `new` resolves relative to the current namespace, not the global root."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The PSR-4 mapping converts App\\Model\\User to src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Namespace import statements must appear at the top level, not inside a function body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP arrays use value semantics with copy-on-write, so assigning an array creates an independent value unless references are used."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"Appending to $b does not change $a because PHP uses copy-on-write for arrays."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP functions have local scope, so user-defined global variables must be accessed explicitly."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Unsetting `$GLOBALS['x']` removes the global variable from the global symbol table, not just within the function."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"The function increments $n by reference, changing it from 5 to 6."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A by-value foreach does not generally see changes to the array made during the same iteration."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A static property belongs to the class and is shared by its instances."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Boolean array keys are converted to integers: true becomes 1 and false becomes 0."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A generator can return a value, which is retrieved after completion with `$gen->getReturn()`."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A fully consumed PHP generator cannot be rewound and traversed again."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, `yield from` delegates iteration to another generator or iterable."}

{"answer":"Generator","explanation":"A function that uses yield returns a Generator object."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The generator yields three values, so the array contains three elements."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SplStack is a LIFO stack, while SplQueue implements FIFO behavior."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"ArrayIterator wraps an array and lets you traverse it using the Iterator interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ArrayObject implements Traversable, so it can be iterated with foreach."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"password_hash() generates a cryptographically secure salt automatically."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, PASSWORD_DEFAULT uses bcrypt, not MD5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The hash was generated from the same password, so verification succeeds."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strip_tags() removes HTML and PHP tags but does not prevent SQL injection."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Regenerating the session ID at login helps prevent an attacker from reusing a fixed session ID."}

{"answer":"php_sapi_name()","explanation":"It returns the name of the current PHP SAPI, such as \"cli\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"session_destroy() removes the server-side session data but does not delete the session cookie in the browser."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Session data is loaded into $_SESSION only after session_start() is called."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"The array_find() function was introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Property hooks were introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric property visibility, including `public private(set)`."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The pipe operator |> first appeared in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The clone-with syntax was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The array_first() and array_last() functions were introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.6","explanation":"The RFC was adopted for PHP 8.6."}

{"answer":"8.6","explanation":"The clamp_v2 RFC was implemented for PHP 8.6."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Context Managers v2 RFC had been adopted in PHP by 2026-11-07."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The RFC for bound-erased generic types was declined in 2026."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The RFC to enable ZTS by default has not been accepted in PHP."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.5 does not include native generics or parameterized types."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.5 is the latest stable release on 2026-11-07 if PHP 8.6 is not released until 2026-11-19."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The planned PHP 6 branch was abandoned, and PHP 7.0 followed PHP 5.6."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The RFC adding the built-in #[\\Deprecated] attribute was accepted and implemented in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In clean and onion architecture, dependencies point inward, so inner layers do not depend on outer layers."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Domain entities should remain framework- and persistence-agnostic, depending only on PHP and optionally its standard library."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Controllers and Twig templates are presentation or interface-layer components, even when they call use cases."}

{"answer":"domain model","explanation":"The domain model sits at the center of the onion architecture."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A layer-dependency analyzer can detect forbidden dependencies and fail when a boundary is violated."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A use case should receive application-level input data and abstractions, not HTTP requests or infrastructure-specific objects like an EntityManager."}

{"answer":"Repository","explanation":"A repository provides access to aggregates or entities while abstracting the underlying storage mechanism."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Clean architecture isolates domain and use cases from database details behind interfaces, so the database can be replaced in the outer layer."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An aggregate is a domain model boundary for consistency, not a database table."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A Value Object is defined by its field values and is typically immutable."}

{"answer":"aggregate root","explanation":"The aggregate root is the single external entry point through which all changes to an aggregate must go."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, repositories are typically defined for aggregate roots, which control access to the aggregate’s entities."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Ubiquitous language is the shared vocabulary used by developers and domain experts to describe the domain."}

{"answer":"bounded context","explanation":"A bounded context defines where a model and its language are consistent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DDD generally favors domain objects that encapsulate behavior and business rules, rather than models containing only getters and setters."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A bounded context defines its own model, so the same concept can be represented by different classes in different contexts."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony services are generally instantiated when first requested from the container."}

{"answer":"debug:router","explanation":"The `debug:router` command lists all registered routes."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony can automatically register and autowire services discovered through resource configuration."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig compiles templates into PHP code and can cache the compiled templates between requests."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In the dev environment, Symfony checks tracked resources and rebuilds the container when they change, rather than on every request."}

{"answer":"APP_ENV","explanation":"Symfony uses APP_ENV to select the active environment, such as dev or prod."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony routing cannot invoke a private controller method because it is not publicly callable."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Event subscribers are registered as listeners and have no inherent priority over other listeners."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 6.0 removed the Guard authentication system in favor of the new authenticator system."}

{"answer":"IsGranted","explanation":"The #[IsGranted] attribute denies access with a 403 response when authorization fails."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony voters make authorization decisions based on attributes and the specific subject object."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 7+ supports validation constraints as PHP attributes, while Doctrine annotation mapping is no longer supported."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony enables CSRF protection for forms by default and validates the token when a form is submitted."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony validates submitted form data on the server regardless of client-side HTML5 checks."}

{"answer":"make:form","explanation":"The MakerBundle command `make:form` generates a FormType class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony does not store the user's password in plain text in the session."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony typically stores package configuration in separate files under config/packages, organized by bundle or configuration topic."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The committed .env file holds defaults, while .env.local is typically ignored by version control and used for real secrets."}

{"answer":"debug:container","explanation":"The `debug:container` command lists registered services and their aliases."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The compiled Symfony container freezes its parameters, so calling setParameter() at runtime throws an exception."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony services are private by default and cannot be fetched directly from the container."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A bundle can work without a configuration file if it does not require user-defined configuration."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony supports injecting environment variable values in services.yaml with the %env(VAR)% syntax."}

{"answer":"APP_DEBUG","explanation":"Set APP_DEBUG to true to enable Symfony debug mode, including the profiler and Twig debugging."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A single message can be handled by multiple handlers in Symfony Messenger."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The sync transport handles messages immediately in the current process rather than queuing them for a worker."}

{"answer":"messenger:consume","explanation":"The `messenger:consume` command starts a worker that processes queued Messenger messages."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger retry strategies are configured individually for each transport."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger uses PHP serialization by default, not JSON."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Scheduler generates scheduled messages and dispatches them via Messenger."}

{"answer":"doctrine","explanation":"The Doctrine transport stores Messenger messages in database tables using Doctrine."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger allows custom middleware to be added before or after the built-in middleware."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony releases minor versions every six months and major versions approximately every two years."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.4 or newer."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7 removed docblock annotation support for routing and validation; use PHP attributes instead."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"AssetMapper works without Node or webpack, but importmap.php configures Symfony ImportMap rather than AssetMapper."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 6.4 is a long-term support (LTS) release."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony major releases may remove features that were deprecated in the previous branch."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony provides an upgrade guide documenting changes for each major release."}

{"answer":"Symfony AssetMapper","explanation":"Symfony AssetMapper manages assets and import maps without requiring Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is scheduled for release later in November 2026, so it has not yet been released on November 7."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony’s six-month release cycle places Symfony 8.2 in November 2026."}

{"answer":"8.2","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 follows Symfony 8.1 in the release sequence."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is a minor release, not a major release requiring applications to be rewritten."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP minor releases can introduce backward-incompatible changes or deprecations that require code updates."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony 8.4 is the final minor release in the 8.x branch before Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 does not require PHP 8.5; its minimum PHP requirement remains 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony keeps deprecations introduced in a major-version branch until the next major release."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig templates can call only functions and methods made available to them, not arbitrary PHP code directly."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig automatically escapes printed variables by default, using a strategy based on the template name."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig’s `|e` filter escapes a string for HTML output by default."}

{"answer":"format_number","explanation":"The `format_number` filter formats a number according to the specified locale."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Twig `raw` filter marks a value as safe so it is not auto-escaped."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig uses {{ }} to output values and {% %} for control-flow and other tags."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig lets you declare variables in a template using the `set` tag."}

{"answer":"dump","explanation":"Twig’s `dump()` function displays the debug structure of a variable."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap provides styling and UI components, but it is not an SPA framework."}

{"answer":".container","explanation":"The `.container` class sets a responsive max-width at each breakpoint."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap’s grid uses 12 columns, not 16."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap has five named breakpoint infixes: sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The suffix selects a spacing-scale value; for example, `.mt-3` is `$spacer` while `.px-2` is half of `$spacer` by default."}

{"answer":"data-bs-toggle","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 uses the data-bs-toggle attribute to enable interactive components such as dropdowns."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap 5’s JavaScript components do not require jQuery."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap 5.3 enables dark mode with `data-bs-theme=\"dark\"`, not a `.dark` class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM does not automatically create tables when an entity is first used; the schema must be created explicitly."}

{"answer":"persist()","explanation":"persist() makes a new entity managed and defers SQL execution until flush()."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM 3 removed EntityManager::merge(), so it cannot make the passed object managed."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DQL operates on entities and their mapped fields rather than directly on database tables and columns."}

{"answer":"null","explanation":"The repository's find method returns null when no record with that ID exists."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DoctrineBundle does not automatically call flush() at the end of each request."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Unit of Work tracks changes to managed entities and writes them when flush() is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In Doctrine, remove() schedules the deletion, which is executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL MVCC generally lets readers and writers proceed without blocking each other."}

{"answer":"EXPLAIN","explanation":"EXPLAIN displays a query’s execution plan without running the query."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SERIAL uses a sequence and column default, while GENERATED AS IDENTITY is a distinct SQL-standard feature."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL treats NULL values as distinct in UNIQUE constraints by default, so multiple rows can contain NULL."}

{"answer":"string_agg","explanation":"PostgreSQL’s string_agg function concatenates values using a specified separator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Plain VACUUM makes space from dead tuples reusable within the table but generally does not return it to the operating system."}

{"answer":"PARTITION BY","explanation":"PARTITION BY divides rows into groups for the window function."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"READ COMMITTED allows a row read twice to return different values if another transaction commits an update between reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"By default, PostgreSQL runs each statement as its own transaction unless an explicit transaction is started."}

{"answer":"COMMIT","explanation":"COMMIT ends the transaction and saves all its changes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Indexes can help UPDATE and DELETE locate matching rows faster when their search conditions use indexed columns."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A SAVEPOINT lets you roll back part of a transaction without rolling back the entire transaction."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the query and reports its actual runtime plan and statistics."}

{"answer":"pgvector","explanation":"pgvector adds vector types and indexes for embedding search in PostgreSQL."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A partial index contains entries only for rows that satisfy its WHERE condition."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL SERIALIZABLE uses Serializable Snapshot Isolation to detect conflicts rather than locking every row a transaction reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 201 Created indicates that the request successfully created a new resource."}

{"answer":204,"explanation":"HTTP 204 No Content indicates the request succeeded and there is no response body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DELETE is idempotent because repeating it has the same intended effect on the resource, though the responses may differ."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The server sends the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header to indicate which origins may access its resources."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 429 indicates that the client has sent too many requests within a given period."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server errors."}

{"answer":"Content-Type","explanation":"The Content-Type header indicates the MIME type of the body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"RFC 5789 does not require PATCH requests to be idempotent, unlike PUT."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Use `password_verify()` to check a password against a stored hash."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The server issues a session-bound CSRF token and checks it on unsafe requests."}

{"answer":"Content-Security-Policy","explanation":"The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header enables a CSP policy."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework, and an access token does not inherently identify the user."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Input validation alone does not prevent XSS; untrusted data must be safely encoded when output."}

{"answer":"code","explanation":"The authorization server returns a code to the redirect_uri, which the client exchanges for an access token."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Refresh tokens typically outlive access tokens and can be used to obtain new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A salt is typically stored alongside the password hash and does not need to be secret."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit test methods must belong to a class that extends `PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase`."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit runs setUp() before each test, not just once per class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A data provider can supply multiple sets of arguments for a test."}

{"answer":"expectException","explanation":"Call expectException() with the expected exception class name."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A mock can verify expected method calls, while a stub provides configured return values."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHPUnit 10 recommends the #[DataProvider] attribute, and the @dataProvider annotation is deprecated."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit supports dependent tests using the @depends annotation or the Depends attribute."}

{"answer":"--order-by=random","explanation":"The --order-by=random option runs tests in random order."}

{"answer":"3-3","explanation":"`intdiv()` truncates both quotients toward zero, and concatenation produces `3-3`."}

{"answer":-9,"explanation":"Exponentiation has higher precedence than unary minus, so this evaluates to -(3 ** 2)."}

{"answer":"true","explanation":"Both strings are numeric strings, and 1e1 equals 10."}

{"answer":"other","explanation":"In PHP 8+, the non-numeric string 'a' does not loosely match the numeric case 0, so the default branch runs."}

{"answer":"2c","explanation":"Array-form `strtr` uses the longest matching key, so `ab` is replaced with `2`."}

{"answer":"[hello]","explanation":"A negative offset beyond the string’s start makes `substr` return the entire string."}

{"answer":"k,n,m","explanation":"PHP array union keeps the left array’s keys first, then adds keys unique to the right array."}

{"answer":"yxz","explanation":"The rows are sorted by their third value, preserving the order of the two tied rows, then their second values are joined."}

{"answer":4,"explanation":"The unpacked string keys pass named arguments, so the function computes 5 - 1."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The callable retains the object, so invoking it returns the private property value 3."}

{"answer":"B","explanation":"`static::class` resolves to the runtime class, which is `B`."}

{"answer":10,"explanation":"The setter stores twice the assigned value, so reading `$c->x` outputs 10."}

{"answer":"BA","explanation":"The trait conflict selects TB::f for f(), while TA::f is aliased as g()."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"Each class gets its own copy of the trait’s static property, so CY::$n remains 0."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The return in the finally block overrides the return from the try block."}

{"answer":"second","explanation":"The exception thrown in the finally block replaces the original exception and is caught by the outer catch."}

{"answer":"App\\Foo|Baz","explanation":"The imported alias resolves to App\\Foo, while \\Baz names the global Baz class."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"`class_exists('Foo')` checks for a global class, while `class_exists('Ns\\Foo')` finds the declared class."}

{"answer":"1,2,99","explanation":"After the by-reference loop, $v still refers to the last array element, so assigning 99 changes it."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The method’s static local variable is shared by calls to the inherited method, so the third call returns 3."}

{"answer":11,"explanation":"Calling `send(10)` starts the generator and supplies 10 as the result of the first `yield`, so the generator returns 11."}

{"answer":"1,2,ok","explanation":"The delegated values are 1 and 2, and the inner generator’s return value is yielded as ok."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The hash matches cost 4, but needs rehashing for cost 5."}

{"answer":"strict-out","explanation":"In PHP 8.5, `E_ALL` does not include the deprecated `E_STRICT` bit (2048)."}

{"answer":"mapped","explanation":"Symfony maps the `HTTP_X_TOKEN` server value to the `X-Token` request header."}

{"answer":"BCA","explanation":"Listeners run in descending priority order, so the output is BCA."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Doctrine’s identity map returns the same managed entity instance for repeated finds of the same identifier."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Removing a newly persisted entity before flush cancels its pending insertion."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"COUNT(x) counts only non-NULL values, so it returns 1."}

{"answer":"10,30,60","explanation":"The window sum produces 10, 30, and 60 in ID order, and `string_agg` joins them with commas."}

{"answer":"M1M2","explanation":"Both middleware echo their tags before the exhausted stack causes an exception."}

{"answer":11,"explanation":"The middleware invokes both handlers, which increment $n by 1 and 10."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"The unique index allows only one row with a value of 1, so the second insert is skipped."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The deferred unique constraint is not checked until the transaction ends, so both rows are present when the count is queried."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"The filter matches both `test_sum` and `test_sum_abs`, each of which runs with three data sets."}

{"answer":"2, 1","explanation":"The provider supplies two data sets, and the assertion fails for the negative value."}

{"answer":"POST","explanation":"Using `-d` sends the supplied data with a POST request by default."}

{"answer":"GET","explanation":"The `-G` option makes curl send the data as query parameters using a GET request."}

{"answer":"invalid_client","explanation":"RFC 6749 specifies `invalid_client` when client authentication fails, including an unknown client identifier."}

{"answer":"fragment","explanation":"With response_type=token, the authorization server returns the access_token in the redirect URI’s fragment."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"Twig’s `default` filter replaces `false` with `2`, and `2 * 3` is `6`."}

{"answer":"TypeError","explanation":"The expression concatenates `'a'` and `1` before adding `2`, which attempts arithmetic on a non-numeric string."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"The array is non-empty, so it satisfies the NotBlank constraint and produces no violations."}

{"answer":"Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Exception\\LogicException","explanation":"Calling `isValid()` on a form that has not been submitted throws Symfony’s form `LogicException`. "}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Services are shared by default, so both calls return the same object."}

{"answer":"hi Bob!","explanation":"Compilation resolves the nested parameter references in the message."}

{"answer":"960px","explanation":"At the 992px large breakpoint, Bootstrap 5.3 sets `.container` to a 960px max-width."}

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"Bootstrap’s utility CSS places `text-danger` after `text-primary`, so it wins when both classes are applied."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The Domain class depends on two layers it is not allowed to depend on: Application and Infrastructure."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The Domain class has three dependencies on disallowed Application or Infrastructure classes."}

{"answer":"10,15","explanation":"The add method creates a new Money with amount 15, leaving the original amount at 10."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"Removing the only item throws before it is unset, so the count remains 1."}

{"answer":"hi","explanation":"The method call returns the string 'hi', which is echoed."}

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"The ghost is initially uninitialized, and reading `$o->v` runs its initializer."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"`AbstractGuardAuthenticator` was removed before Symfony 8.1, so `class_exists()` returns false."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"Symfony 8.1 no longer provides `AnnotationClassLoader`, while `AttributeClassLoader` exists."}