Карта знаний PHP — openai/gpt-6-luna, run-13 · think: low

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Double-quoted strings interpolate variables and recognize more escape sequences than single-quoted strings."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The null coalescing operator checks whether a value is set and non-null without raising an undefined-variable warning."}

{"answer":"ab","explanation":"The echo statement outputs its comma-separated strings consecutively."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, print outputs a value and returns 1, so it can be used in an expression."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Elvis operator returns its left operand if it evaluates to false; otherwise, it returns the right operand."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP 8, addition and subtraction have higher precedence than string concatenation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP exponentiation is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates to 2 ** (3 ** 2), which is 512."}

{"answer":"sum: 5","explanation":"In PHP 8, addition has higher precedence than string concatenation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"With strict comparison, arrays must have the same key-value pairs in the same order."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The `==` operator performs a loose comparison, so `0 == false` returns true."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, a non-numeric string compared with a number is compared as a string, so \"abc\" is not equal to \"0\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, `null == 0`, `null == \"\"`, and `null == false` all evaluate to true."}

{"answer":42,"explanation":"PHP converts the leading numeric portion of the string to an integer."}

{"answer":10,"explanation":"PHP converts the numeric string '5' to a number before addition."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Casting false to a string produces an empty string, not \"0\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP floating-point arithmetic cannot represent these decimal values exactly, so the strict comparison returns false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strrev() reverses bytes, so it can corrupt multibyte UTF-8 characters."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The string 'Hello world' contains the substring 'world'."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"str_pad() can pad strings on the left, right, or both sides."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, trim() strips spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, NUL bytes, and vertical tabs."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"In UTF-8, “é” uses two bytes and the other four characters use one byte each."}

{"answer":"def","explanation":"A negative offset starts counting from the end of the string."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ucfirst() returns a modified copy of the string and does not change the original in place."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Heredoc interpolates variables, while nowdoc treats its contents literally."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"sort() reindexes the array numerically and does not preserve its original keys."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP converts numeric string array keys to integers when they represent valid integers."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, in_array() uses loose comparison; strict comparison must be enabled with its third argument."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"When no callback is provided, array_filter() removes elements PHP considers empty."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, array_slice() reindexes numeric keys while preserving string keys."}

{"answer":"[20, 30]","explanation":"It returns two elements starting at index 1."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The array union keeps the left value for 'a' and adds 'b', resulting in two elements."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Since PHP 8.1, array unpacking supports string keys, with later duplicate keys overwriting earlier ones."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP allows named arguments to be combined with argument unpacking."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An anonymous function must use a `use` clause to capture variables from the outer scope."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments passed to the function."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP arrow functions have a single expression as their body and do not use curly braces."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Arrow functions capture referenced outer variables by value when the function is defined."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A static closure is not bound to an object and therefore cannot capture $this."}

{"answer":5,"explanation":"The closure captures $x by value when it is created, so it returns 5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Without strict_types, PHP coerces a numeric string such as \"5\" to an int parameter."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Constructor property promotion was introduced in PHP 8.0."}

{"answer":"final","explanation":"The final keyword prevents a method from being overridden in subclasses."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A final method cannot be overridden by a subclass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Private properties are accessible only within the class that declares them."}

{"answer":"class@anonymous","explanation":"Anonymous class names begin with `class@anonymous` before the NUL byte."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A private parent method is not inherited, so the child may declare a same-named method with any visibility."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"__get() is also called when accessing inaccessible properties."}

{"answer":"Error","explanation":"Reassigning an initialized readonly property throws an Error."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP interfaces can declare constants, which implementing classes inherit."}

{"answer":"instanceof","explanation":"PHP uses the instanceof operator to check whether an object belongs to a class or implements an interface."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP interfaces can declare static methods that implementing classes must define."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The instanceof operator checks whether an object implements an interface as well as whether it belongs to a class or subclass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP interface methods declare requirements but cannot provide method implementations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"An abstract method may be declared protected, and subclasses must implement it with compatible visibility."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"Foo::cases() returns one element for each enum case."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Traits can declare constants in PHP."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"TypeError extends Error, not Exception, so catch (Exception $e) does not catch it."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The @ operator suppresses eligible error reporting, but it does not suppress exceptions."}

{"answer":"DivisionByZeroError","explanation":"Dividing by zero with intdiv() throws a DivisionByZeroError."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A finally block runs whether or not an exception is caught."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An exception thrown in a finally block can override the result or exception from the try block."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Objects in PHP, including Exception objects, are truthy."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Shutdown functions registered with register_shutdown_function() run when the script terminates, including when exit is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The use statement only imports a name into the current namespace and does not load the class file."}

{"answer":"function","explanation":"In PHP, use function imports a function, while use const imports a constant."}

{"answer":"Controller/Api/UserController.php","explanation":"The namespace suffix after App\\ maps to Controller/Api/UserController.php under src/."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Composer’s vendor/autoload.php registers its autoloader using spl_autoload_register()."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"__NAMESPACE__ contains the name of the current namespace, or an empty string in the global namespace."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In a namespace, an unqualified class name in `new` is resolved relative to the current namespace, not the global root."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PSR-4 maps the namespace suffix Model\\User to src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Namespace import statements must be declared at the top level or namespace scope, not inside a function."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP arrays use value semantics, so assignment copies the array unless references are explicitly used."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"PHP uses copy-on-write, so appending to $b does not change $a."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A function has its own local scope, so global variables must be explicitly accessed or passed in."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Unsetting `$GLOBALS['x']` removes the global variable itself, so it is no longer available outside the function either."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"The function increments $n by reference."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A by-value foreach iterates a copy-on-write snapshot, so changes to the array during the loop do not alter that pass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A static property is shared by all instances of its class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP converts boolean array keys to integers, so true is stored as key 1."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A generator can return a value, which is retrieved after it finishes with `$gen->getReturn()`."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A generator cannot be rewound after it has started running."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, `yield from` delegates iteration to another generator or iterable."}

{"answer":"Generator","explanation":"A function that uses yield returns a Generator object."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The generator yields three values, so the resulting array has three elements."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SplStack implements a LIFO stack, while SplQueue implements a FIFO queue."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"ArrayIterator wraps an array and implements the Iterator interface for traversal."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ArrayObject implements Traversable, so it can be iterated with foreach."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"password_hash() generates a cryptographically secure salt automatically."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, PASSWORD_DEFAULT uses bcrypt, not MD5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The password matches the hash generated from the same password."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strip_tags() removes HTML and PHP tags but does not safely escape SQL input."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Regenerating the session ID on login helps prevent an attacker from reusing a known session ID."}

{"answer":"php_sapi_name()","explanation":"It returns the name of the current PHP Server API (SAPI)."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"session_destroy() destroys the server-side session data but does not remove the session cookie from the browser."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"You must call session_start() to initialize or resume a session and populate $_SESSION."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"The array_find() function was introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Property hooks were introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric property visibility, allowing separate visibility for reading and writing."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The pipe operator was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.3","explanation":"The clone-with syntax was introduced in PHP 8.3."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The array_first() and array_last() functions were introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.6","explanation":"The Partial Function Application v2 RFC was adopted for PHP 8.6."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The clamp_v2 RFC was implemented in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Context Managers v2 has not been adopted into PHP."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A 2026 decision cannot be confirmed as having happened yet."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The RFC to enable ZTS by default has not been accepted."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"As of PHP 8.5, PHP does not support native generics."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.6 is scheduled for general availability on November 19, 2026, so PHP 8.5 remains the latest stable release on November 7."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 6 was abandoned, and PHP 5.6 was followed by PHP 7.0."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The RFC was accepted, and the #[\\Deprecated] attribute was added in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Clean and onion architecture require dependencies to point inward toward the core."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Domain entities should remain independent of Doctrine and Symfony, relying only on PHP and optionally its standard library."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Controllers coordinate requests and use cases, while Twig templates belong to the presentation layer, not the business-logic layer."}

{"answer":"Domain model","explanation":"The domain model sits at the center of the onion architecture."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Layer-dependency analyzers can detect dependencies that violate configured layer rules."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A use case should depend on application-level inputs and abstractions, not HTTP requests or infrastructure-specific objects such as an EntityManager."}

{"answer":"Repository","explanation":"A repository provides access to aggregates or entities while hiding the underlying storage mechanism."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Clean architecture isolates database-specific details in the outer infrastructure layer, keeping the domain and use cases independent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An aggregate is a cluster of domain objects governed by an aggregate root, not a database table."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Value Objects are defined by their field values rather than object identity and are typically immutable."}

{"answer":"aggregate root","explanation":"The aggregate root is the single entry point through which all changes to an aggregate must go."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, repositories typically provide access to aggregate roots, which manage their contained entities."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Ubiquitous language is the shared vocabulary used by developers and domain experts to describe the domain model."}

{"answer":"bounded context","explanation":"A bounded context defines the boundary within which a model and its language have consistent meaning."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DDD generally favors rich domain models that encapsulate business logic rather than anemic objects with logic kept in services."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bounded contexts define distinct models, so the same concept can have different representations in different contexts."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony services are generally instantiated only when first requested from the container."}

{"answer":"debug:router","explanation":"The `debug:router` command lists all registered routes."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony autowiring can automatically register and configure services based on type hints."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig compiles templates into PHP code and can cache the compiled templates for reuse between requests."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In the dev environment, Symfony rebuilds the container when a tracked resource changes, rather than on every request."}

{"answer":"APP_ENV","explanation":"Symfony uses the APP_ENV environment variable to select the active environment."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony routes invoke controller actions as public methods, not private methods."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Subscribers and listeners are ordered by priority, not by type."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 6.0 removed the Guard system in favor of the authenticator-based security system."}

{"answer":"IsGranted","explanation":"The #[IsGranted] attribute denies access with a 403 when the required permission is missing."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony voters decide whether a user has permission to perform an attribute such as EDIT on a specific object."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7 still supports Doctrine annotations when the annotation reader is installed, though PHP attributes are the recommended approach."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony forms include CSRF protection by default and validate the token when the form is submitted."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony validates submitted form data on the server regardless of client-side HTML5 checks."}

{"answer":"make:form","explanation":"The `make:form` command generates a Symfony form class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony stores user authentication data in the session, not the user's plain-text password."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony typically stores package configuration in config/packages, organized by bundle or topic."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A committed .env can hold development defaults, while .env.local is typically excluded from version control and used for machine-specific secrets."}

{"answer":"debug:container","explanation":"The `debug:container` command lists registered services and their aliases."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The compiled Symfony container is frozen, so calling setParameter() at runtime throws an exception."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony services are private by default and generally cannot be fetched directly from the container."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A bundle can work without configuration if it does not require any settings."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony supports injecting environment variable values into service configuration with the %env(VAR)% syntax."}

{"answer":"APP_DEBUG","explanation":"Symfony uses APP_DEBUG to enable debug mode, including profiler and Twig debugging."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger can route a message to multiple handlers."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The sync transport handles the message immediately in the current process rather than queuing it for a worker."}

{"answer":"php bin/console messenger:consume","explanation":"The Messenger consume command starts a worker to process queued messages."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger retry strategies are configured per transport."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger uses PHP serialization by default, not JSON."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Scheduler generates messages according to a schedule and dispatches them through Messenger."}

{"answer":"doctrine","explanation":"The Doctrine transport stores Messenger messages in database tables using Doctrine."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger allows custom middleware to be added before or after the built-in middleware."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony releases minor versions every six months, with major versions on a two-year cycle."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.4 or higher."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7.0 dropped built-in support for docblock annotations in routing and validation in favor of PHP attributes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony AssetMapper manages assets without requiring Node.js or webpack, and importmap.php can define JavaScript imports."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 6.4 is a long-term support (LTS) release."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony major releases may remove features deprecated in the previous branch."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony provides upgrade guides describing changes and migration steps for major releases."}

{"answer":"AssetMapper","explanation":"Symfony AssetMapper manages assets and importmaps without requiring Node or Webpack."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is scheduled for release later in November 2026, so it has not been released by November 7."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony follows a six-month release cycle, with Symfony 8.2 scheduled for November 2026."}

{"answer":"8.2","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 follows Symfony 8.1 in the release sequence."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is a minor release, so it does not require applications to be rewritten for new APIs."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP minor-version updates within a major branch aim to preserve backward compatibility."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony’s 8.x branch ends with version 8.4 before Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is expected to retain Symfony 8’s PHP 8.4 minimum rather than require PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony keeps deprecations introduced in a major version until the next major version, so 8.x deprecations are not removed before 9.0."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig templates can call only functions and methods exposed or registered with Twig, not arbitrary PHP code."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig auto-escaping is enabled by default for HTML templates."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig’s `escape` filter escapes a string for safe output in the specified context, defaulting to HTML."}

{"answer":"format_number","explanation":"The `format_number` filter formats a number according to the current locale."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The `raw` filter marks a value as safe so it is not auto-escaped."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig uses {{ }} to output values and {% %} for control-flow and other tags."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig lets you declare template variables using the `set` tag."}

{"answer":"dump","explanation":"Twig’s `dump()` function displays the debug structure of a variable."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap provides ready-made UI components and styling rather than an SPA framework."}

{"answer": ".container", "explanation": "The `.container` class provides a responsive fixed max-width at each breakpoint."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap’s grid uses 12 columns and, in modern versions, CSS flexbox rather than floats."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 uses the named breakpoints sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Spacing utility numbers multiply the base $spacer value."}

{"answer":"data-bs-toggle","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 uses the data-bs-toggle attribute to enable interactive components such as dropdowns."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap 5’s JavaScript components use vanilla JavaScript and do not require jQuery."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap 5.3 enables dark mode with `data-bs-theme=\"dark\"`, not a `.dark` class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM does not automatically create tables when an entity is first used; schema creation requires an explicit command or migration."}

{"answer":"persist()","explanation":"Calling persist() makes a new object managed, and the INSERT is executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM 3 removed EntityManager::merge(), so it cannot make the passed object managed."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DQL operates on entity classes and their mapped fields rather than directly on database tables and columns."}

{"answer":"null","explanation":"The find method returns null when no record with that ID exists."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DoctrineBundle does not automatically call flush() at the end of each request."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Unit of Work tracks changes to managed entities and writes them during flush()."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In Doctrine, remove() schedules the deletion, which is executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"MVCC lets readers and writers generally proceed without blocking each other."}

{"answer":"EXPLAIN","explanation":"EXPLAIN displays the query execution plan without running the query."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SERIAL is shorthand for a sequence-backed default, while IDENTITY is a distinct SQL-standard column feature."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, PostgreSQL UNIQUE constraints treat NULL values as distinct, so multiple rows can contain NULL."}

{"answer":"string_agg","explanation":"PostgreSQL's string_agg function concatenates values using a specified separator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Plain VACUUM makes space from dead tuples reusable within the table but generally does not return it to the operating system."}

{"answer":"PARTITION BY","explanation":"PARTITION BY divides rows into groups for the window function."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"READ COMMITTED prevents dirty reads but permits non-repeatable reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"By default, PostgreSQL runs each statement in an implicit transaction and commits it if it succeeds."}

{"answer":"COMMIT","explanation":"COMMIT ends the transaction and saves its changes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Indexes can speed up UPDATE and DELETE by helping locate matching rows."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A SAVEPOINT lets PostgreSQL roll back part of a transaction without undoing the entire transaction."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the query and reports actual execution details along with the plan."}

{"answer":"pgvector","explanation":"pgvector adds vector types and indexes for similarity search in PostgreSQL."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A partial index includes only rows that satisfy its WHERE condition."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE using Serializable Snapshot Isolation, which detects conflicts rather than locking every row read."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 201 Created indicates that the request successfully created a new resource."}

{"answer":204,"explanation":"HTTP 204 No Content indicates the request succeeded with no response body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DELETE is idempotent because repeating it has the same intended effect as making it once."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The server sends the Access-Control-Allow-Origin header to tell browsers which origins may access its responses."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 429 indicates that the client has sent too many requests in a given time period."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server errors."}

{"answer":"Content-Type","explanation":"The Content-Type header specifies the MIME type of the message body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"RFC 5789 states that PATCH is not necessarily idempotent, while PUT is defined as idempotent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Use a constant-time verification function such as password_verify() rather than comparing password hashes with ==."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"CSRF tokens are typically tied to a user session and validated by the server on state-changing requests."}

{"answer":"Content-Security-Policy","explanation":"The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header enables CSP."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework, and an access token does not by itself identify the user."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Input validation alone does not prevent XSS; escape or encode untrusted data when rendering it in a page."}

{"answer":"code","explanation":"The authorization server sends the authorization code to the redirect_uri, where it is exchanged for an access token."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A refresh token is typically longer-lived and can be used to obtain a new access token without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A salt is stored with the password hash and does not need to be secret."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit discovers test methods in classes that extend a PHPUnit test case class or use a supported test attribute."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"setUp() runs before each test; setUpBeforeClass() runs once before all tests in the class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A data provider can supply multiple sets of arguments for separate test runs."}

{"answer":"expectException()","explanation":"Call expectException() with the expected exception class name."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A mock verifies interactions, while a stub primarily provides predefined responses."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHPUnit 10 recommends the #[DataProvider] attribute, while the @dataProvider annotation is deprecated."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit supports test dependencies using the @depends annotation or the Depends attribute."}

{"answer":"--order-by=random","explanation":"The `--order-by=random` option runs tests in random order."}

{"answer":"3-3","explanation":"intdiv() truncates each division toward zero, and the results are concatenated as strings."}

{"answer": -9, "explanation": "Exponentiation has higher precedence than unary minus, so the expression evaluates to -(3 ** 2)."}

{"answer":"true","explanation":"Both strings are numeric, and `1e1` equals `10` numerically."}

{"answer":"other","explanation":"In PHP 8, the non-numeric string 'a' does not loosely match the integer 0, so the default branch runs."}

{"answer":"2c","explanation":"With array replacements, `strtr` uses the longest matching key, so `ab` becomes `2` and `c` remains."}

{"answer":"[hello]","explanation":"A negative offset beyond the start of the string is treated as offset zero."}

{"answer":"k,n,m","explanation":"The array union keeps the left-hand keys and adds the new key `m` from `$b`."}

{"answer":"yxz","explanation":"The rows sort by their third values, with equal values retaining their original order."}

{"answer":4,"explanation":"The unpacked array passes named arguments b=1 and a=5, so the function returns 5 − 1."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The first-class callable retains the object, so calling it returns the property value 3."}

{"answer":"B","explanation":"Late static binding makes `static::class` resolve to the called object's class, `B`."}

{"answer":10,"explanation":"Assigning to `$this->x` inside its set hook updates the backing value without recursively invoking the hook."}

{"answer":"BA","explanation":"TB::f takes precedence for f(), while TA::f is aliased as g()."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"Each class gets its own copy of the trait’s static property, so `CY::$n` remains 0."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The return in the finally block overrides the return from the try block."}

{"answer":"second","explanation":"The exception thrown in the finally block replaces the first exception and is caught by the outer catch."}

{"answer":"App\\Foo|Baz","explanation":"The alias resolves to `App\\Foo`, while `\\Baz::class` produces the name `Baz`."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The first lookup checks for global `Foo`, while the second checks for `Ns\\Foo`."}

{"answer":"1,2,99","explanation":"After the by-reference loop, `$v` still refers to the last element of `$a`, so it becomes 99."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The static local variable is shared by calls to the inherited method, so the third call returns 3."}

{"answer":11,"explanation":"The first send starts the generator and supplies 10 as the value of the yield expression."}

{"answer":"1,2,ok","explanation":"The delegated generator returns `ok`, which `outer()` yields after the values `1` and `2`."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The hash uses cost 4, so it needs no rehash at cost 4 but does at cost 5."}

{"answer":"strict-in","explanation":"E_ALL includes the 2048 bit, so the expression evaluates to `strict-in`."}

{"answer":"mapped","explanation":"Symfony maps the `HTTP_X_TOKEN` server value to the `X-Token` header."}

{"answer":"BCA","explanation":"Listeners run in descending priority order: 10, 5, then the default 0."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Doctrine’s identity map returns the same managed entity instance for repeated lookups by identifier."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"Removing a newly persisted entity before flush cancels its pending insertion, so the table remains empty."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"`count(x)` counts only non-NULL values, and the table contains one."}

{"answer":"10,30,60","explanation":"The window sum produces 10, 30, and 60 in id order, which string_agg joins with commas."}

{"answer":"M1M2","explanation":"Both middleware echo their tags; after that, the stack is exhausted and dispatch throws an exception."}

{"answer":11,"explanation":"Both handlers are invoked, adding 1 and 10 to `$n`."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"The unique index prevents the second row with value 1 from being inserted."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The unique constraint is deferred, so both rows are present when the SELECT runs."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"The filter matches both `test_sum` and `test_sum_abs`, each of which runs with three data sets."}

{"answer":"1, 1","explanation":"The non-static data provider causes PHPUnit to report one error, with no data-set tests executed."}

{"answer":"POST","explanation":"The `-d` option sends form data and makes curl use POST by default."}

{"answer":"GET","explanation":"The `-G` option appends the data to the URL and sends a GET request."}

{"answer":"invalid_client","explanation":"RFC 6749 specifies `invalid_client` when client authentication fails or the client is unknown."}

{"answer":"fragment","explanation":"With response_type=token, the authorization server returns the access token in the redirect URI fragment."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "Twig's default filter replaces false with 2, and 2 multiplied by 3 is 6."}

{"answer":"Twig\\Error\\RuntimeError","explanation":"The addition fails on the non-numeric concatenated string, and Twig wraps the error raised during rendering."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"The non-empty array is not blank, so validation produces no violations."}

{"answer":"Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Exception\\LogicException","explanation":"Calling `isValid()` on a form that has not been submitted throws a form logic exception."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Services are shared by default, so both calls return the same object."}

{"answer":"hi Bob!","explanation":"Compilation resolves the nested parameter placeholders before retrieving the message."}

{"answer":"960px","explanation":"At the 992px large breakpoint, Bootstrap 5.3 sets `.container` to a 960px max-width."}

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"Bootstrap’s utility CSS order places `text-danger` after `text-primary`, so it wins."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The Domain class depends on both Application and Infrastructure, and neither dependency is allowed."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The Domain class depends on one Application class and two Infrastructure classes, all disallowed."}

{"answer":"10,15","explanation":"Adding 5 creates a new Money object, leaving $a unchanged."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"Removing the only item throws before it can be unset, so the count remains 1."}

{"answer":"hi","explanation":"The expression creates a `C` object and calls `hi()`, which returns `hi`."}

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"The ghost is initially uninitialized; accessing `$o->v` triggers initialization."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Guard component’s AbstractGuardAuthenticator class was removed before Symfony 8.1."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"Symfony 8.1 no longer has the annotation loader, while the attribute loader exists."}