Карта знаний PHP — openai/gpt-6-luna, run-11 · think: low

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Double-quoted strings interpolate variables and escape sequences, while single-quoted strings generally do not."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The null coalescing operator checks whether a value is set and non-null without warning for undefined variables."}

{"answer":"ab","explanation":"The echo construct outputs each comma-separated string in sequence."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, `print` returns `1` and can be used in an expression."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Elvis operator returns its left operand when it is truthy; otherwise, it returns its right operand."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP 8, addition and subtraction take precedence over concatenation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP exponentiation is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates to 2 ** (3 ** 2), which is 512."}

{"answer":"sum: 5","explanation":"In PHP 8, addition has higher precedence than string concatenation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"With `===`, arrays must have the same key-value pairs in the same order and with matching types."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, == is a loose comparison, and 0 == false evaluates to true."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, a non-numeric string compared with a number is compared as a string, so \"abc\" is not equal to \"0\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP’s loose comparison treats null as equal to 0, the empty string, and false."}

{"answer":42,"explanation":"PHP converts the leading numeric portion of the string to an integer."}

{"answer":10,"explanation":"PHP converts the numeric string '5' to a number before addition."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Casting false to a string produces an empty string, not \"0\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Floating-point arithmetic cannot represent these decimal values exactly, so the strict comparison returns false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strrev() reverses bytes, so it may corrupt multibyte UTF-8 characters."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The string 'Hello world' contains the substring 'world'."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"str_pad() can pad on the left, right, or both sides."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, trim() removes spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, NUL bytes, and vertical tabs."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"In UTF-8, “é” uses 2 bytes and the other four characters use 1 byte each."}

{"answer":"def","explanation":"A negative offset starts three characters from the end of the string."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ucfirst() returns a new string and does not modify the original string in place."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Heredoc interpolates variables, while nowdoc treats its contents as literal text."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"sort() reindexes the array with numeric keys and does not preserve key-to-value associations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP converts a valid decimal integer string key such as '5' to the integer key 5."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, in_array() uses loose comparison; strict comparison is enabled by passing true as the third argument."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Without a callback, array_filter() removes elements PHP considers empty, including false, 0, \"\", null, and empty arrays."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, array_slice() reindexes numeric keys; set its preserve_keys argument to true to retain them."}

{"answer":"[20, 30]","explanation":"The slice starts at index 1 and takes 2 elements."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The array union keeps the left-hand value for key 'a' and adds key 'b', resulting in two elements."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.1 added support for string keys when unpacking arrays."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP allows named arguments together with argument unpacking, provided the unpacked arguments follow the named arguments."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An anonymous function must use a `use` clause to access variables from the outer scope."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"func_num_args() returns the number of arguments passed to the function, which is 3."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An arrow function body consists of a single expression and does not use curly braces."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Arrow functions automatically capture outer variables by value when the function is defined."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A static anonymous function is not bound to an object and therefore does not capture $this."}

{"answer":5,"explanation":"The closure captures $x by value when it is defined, so it returns 5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Without strict_types, PHP coerces a numeric string such as \"5\" to an int parameter."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Constructor property promotion was introduced in PHP 8.0."}

{"answer":"final","explanation":"The final keyword prevents a method from being overridden in subclasses."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A final method cannot be overridden by a subclass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Private parent properties are accessible only within the parent class."}

{"answer":"class@anonymous","explanation":"Anonymous classes use the name `class@anonymous` before the NUL byte."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A private parent method is not inherited, so the child may declare a same-named method with any visibility."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"__get() is also called when accessing inaccessible properties."}

{"answer":"Error","explanation":"Reassigning an initialized readonly property throws an Error."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP interfaces can declare constants, which implementing classes inherit."}

{"answer":"instanceof","explanation":"PHP uses the instanceof operator to check whether an object belongs to a class or implements an interface."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP interfaces can declare static methods that implementing classes must provide."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The instanceof operator also returns true when an object implements the specified interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP interface methods declare signatures but cannot provide method implementations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Abstract methods may be declared protected, requiring subclasses to implement them with compatible visibility."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"Foo defines three cases, so Foo::cases() returns three elements."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP traits can declare constants, which are available in classes that use the trait."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"TypeError extends Error, not Exception, so it is not caught by catch (Exception $e)."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The @ operator suppresses error reporting, but it does not suppress exceptions."}

{"answer":"DivisionByZeroError","explanation":"Division by zero in intdiv() throws a DivisionByZeroError."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A finally block runs whether or not the exception is caught."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An exception thrown in a finally block can override the result or exception from the try block."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Objects in PHP are truthy when cast to boolean."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Shutdown functions registered with register_shutdown_function() run when the script terminates, including when exit is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The `use` statement only imports a class name; it does not load the class file."}

{"answer":"function","explanation":"Use `use function` to import a function."}

{"answer":"Controller/Api/UserController.php","explanation":"The class namespace suffix after `App\\` maps to the matching path under `src/`."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Composer’s vendor/autoload.php registers its autoloading function with spl_autoload_register()."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"__NAMESPACE__ contains the name of the current namespace, or an empty string if there is none."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An unqualified class name in `new` is resolved in the current namespace, or globally if there is no namespace."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PSR-4 maps the App\\Model\\User namespace path to src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Namespace import statements must appear at the top level, not inside a function body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, assigning an array creates a separate copy, using copy-on-write internally."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"Appending to $b does not change $a because PHP uses copy-on-write."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Function-local scope cannot access global variables unless they are explicitly brought into scope or passed in."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Unsetting `$GLOBALS['x']` removes the global variable, not just a function-local copy."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"The argument is passed by reference, so inc() increments $n."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A by-value `foreach` iterates a snapshot, so changes to the array during the loop do not affect that pass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A static property belongs to the class and is shared by all instances."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP converts boolean array keys to integers, so true is stored as 1."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A generator may use `return` with a value, which is retrieved after completion using `$gen->getReturn()`."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A generator cannot be rewound after it has advanced beyond its first yield or completed."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The `yield from` construct delegates iteration to another iterable or generator."}

{"answer":"Generator","explanation":"Calling a generator function returns a Generator object."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The generator yields three values, so the resulting array has three elements."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SplStack implements a last-in, first-out stack, while SplQueue implements a FIFO queue."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"ArrayIterator wraps arrays and lets you traverse them using the Iterator interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ArrayObject implements the interfaces needed to be traversed with foreach."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"password_hash() generates a cryptographically secure salt automatically."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, PASSWORD_DEFAULT uses bcrypt, not MD5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The hash was generated from the same password, so verification succeeds."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strip_tags() removes HTML and PHP tags but does not prevent SQL injection."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Regenerating the session ID at login helps prevent an attacker from reusing a known session ID."}

{"answer":"php_sapi_name()","explanation":"It returns the name of the current PHP Server API (SAPI)."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"session_destroy() removes server-side session data but does not delete the session cookie from the browser."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Session data is loaded into $_SESSION only after starting the session with session_start()."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"The array_find() function was introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced property hooks, allowing get and set logic to be declared directly on properties."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric property visibility, including the public private(set) syntax."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The pipe operator was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.3","explanation":"Clone-with syntax was introduced in PHP 8.3."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The array_first() and array_last() functions were introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.6","explanation":"Partial Function Application v2 was adopted for PHP 8.6."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The clamp_v2 RFC was implemented in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Context Managers v2 RFC has not been adopted into PHP."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The claim that it was declined in 2026 is not established as true."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"There is no accepted PHP RFC making ZTS the default as of that date."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.5 does not add native generics or parameterized types."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"As of 2026-11-07, PHP 8.5 is the latest stable release and PHP 8.6 has not yet reached its planned GA date."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 6 was abandoned, and PHP 7.0 followed PHP 5.6."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The RFC adding the core #[\\Deprecated] attribute was accepted for PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In clean and onion architecture, dependencies point inward, so inner layers do not depend on outer layers."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Domain entities should remain independent of Doctrine and Symfony, relying only on PHP and, if needed, the standard library."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Controllers and Twig templates belong to the presentation layer; calling use cases does not make them business logic."}

{"answer":"Domain model","explanation":"The domain model, containing the core business rules, sits at the center of onion architecture."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A layer-dependency analyzer can detect forbidden dependencies and fail the analysis."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A use case should receive framework-independent inputs and abstractions, not an HTTP request or concrete EntityManager."}

{"answer":"Repository","explanation":"A repository provides access to collections of entities or aggregates while hiding the underlying storage mechanism."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Clean architecture isolates database-specific details in the outer infrastructure layer, keeping the domain and use cases independent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An aggregate is a cluster of domain objects treated as a consistency boundary, not a database table."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A Value Object is defined by its field values and is typically immutable."}

{"answer":"aggregate root","explanation":"The aggregate root is the single entry point through which all changes to an aggregate must go."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, repositories are generally defined for aggregate roots, which provide access to the entities within the aggregate."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Ubiquitous language is a shared vocabulary used by developers and domain experts to describe the domain model."}

{"answer":"bounded context","explanation":"A bounded context defines where a model and its language have consistent meaning."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DDD generally favors rich domain models that encapsulate business logic rather than anemic models limited to getters and setters."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bounded contexts can model the same concept differently, with separate classes in each context."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony services are generally instantiated lazily when first requested from the container."}

{"answer":"php bin/console debug:router","explanation":"The debug:router command lists all registered routes."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony can discover and autowire services automatically through resource-based configuration."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig compiles templates into PHP code and can cache the compiled templates for reuse."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In the dev environment, Symfony checks tracked resources and rebuilds the container when they change, rather than on every request."}

{"answer":"APP_ENV","explanation":"Symfony uses the APP_ENV environment variable to select the active environment."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony routes invoke controller methods as callables, which must be public."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Subscribers do not automatically run before listeners; execution order is determined by priority."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 6.0 removed the Guard authentication system in favor of the authenticator-based system."}

{"answer":"IsGranted","explanation":"Symfony’s #[IsGranted] attribute denies access with a 403 when the required role or permission is missing."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony voters evaluate permissions for a specific subject, such as whether a user may edit a post."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7 supports PHP attributes, but Doctrine annotations remain available through the separate `doctrine/annotations` package."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony forms include CSRF protection by default and validate the token when the form is submitted."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony validates submitted form data on the server regardless of client-side HTML5 checks."}

{"answer":"make:form","explanation":"The Symfony MakerBundle command `make:form` generates a FormType class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony stores the authenticated user identifier in the session, not the user's plain-text password."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony loads package configuration from config/packages, organized by bundle or configuration topic."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A committed .env can contain development defaults, while .env.local stays uncommitted and holds real secrets."}

{"answer":"php bin/console debug:container","explanation":"The `debug:container` command lists registered services and their aliases."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony freezes the compiled container, so parameters cannot be changed at runtime from a controller."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony services are private by default, so they cannot normally be fetched directly from the container."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A bundle can work without a configuration file if it does not require custom configuration."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony supports injecting environment variable values in services.yaml with the %env(VAR)% syntax."}

{"answer":"APP_DEBUG","explanation":"Symfony uses APP_DEBUG to enable debug mode, including profiler and Twig debugging."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger can dispatch a single message to multiple handlers."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The sync transport handles messages immediately in the current process rather than queuing them for a worker."}

{"answer":"php bin/console messenger:consume","explanation":"The Messenger consume command starts a worker to process queued messages."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger retry strategies are configured separately for each transport."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger uses PHP serialization by default, not JSON."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Scheduler creates messages according to a schedule and dispatches them through Messenger."}

{"answer":"doctrine","explanation":"The Doctrine transport stores Messenger messages in database tables using Doctrine."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger allows custom middleware to be added before or after built-in middleware in the bus configuration."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony has major releases every two years and minor releases in May and November."}

{"answer": 8.4, "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.4 or higher."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7.0 removed support for docblock annotations in favor of PHP attributes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony AssetMapper manages assets without Node.js or webpack, and importmap.php configures JavaScript imports."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 6.4 is a long-term support (LTS) release."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony major releases may remove features that were deprecated in the previous branch."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony provides an UPGRADE guide describing changes and migration steps for major releases."}

{"answer":"AssetMapper","explanation":"Symfony AssetMapper manages assets and importmaps without requiring Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 was released in November 2026, before November 7."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony follows a six-month release cycle, placing Symfony 8.2 in November 2026."}

{"answer":"8.2","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 follows Symfony 8.1."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is a minor release and does not require applications to be rewritten."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP minor-version updates within the same major branch are intended to preserve backward compatibility."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony 8.4 is the final 8.x minor release before Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is a minor release, so it is not expected to raise the PHP minimum to 8.5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony preserves deprecated functionality throughout a major version and can remove it in the next major release."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig templates can call only functions and filters explicitly made available to Twig, not arbitrary PHP code."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig auto-escapes printed variables by default in its standard HTML mode."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig’s `|e` filter escapes a string for safe output in HTML by default."}

{"answer":"format_number","explanation":"The `format_number` filter formats a number according to the active locale."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The `raw` filter marks a value as safe so Twig does not auto-escape it."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig uses {{ }} to output values and {% %} for control-flow and other tags."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig lets you declare template variables with the `set` tag."}

{"answer":"dump","explanation":"Twig’s `dump()` function displays the debug structure of a variable."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap provides styling and UI components, but it is not an SPA framework."}

{"answer":".container","explanation":"The .container class provides responsive fixed max-widths at each breakpoint."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap’s grid uses 12 columns, not 16."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap has five breakpoint infixes: sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Spacing utility numbers correspond to multiples of the configured $spacer value."}

{"answer":"data-bs-toggle","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 uses the `data-bs-toggle` attribute to enable interactive components such as dropdowns."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap 5’s JavaScript components use vanilla JavaScript and do not require jQuery."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap enables dark mode with the data-bs-theme=\"dark\" attribute, not a .dark class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM does not automatically create tables at runtime; schema creation is handled separately, such as with migrations or schema tools."}

{"answer":"persist","explanation":"persist() marks a new entity as managed and defers SQL execution until flush()."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM 3 removed EntityManager::merge(), so it cannot make the passed object managed."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DQL refers to entity classes and their fields rather than database tables and columns."}

{"answer":"null","explanation":"The repository’s `find()` method returns `null` when no record with that ID exists."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DoctrineBundle does not automatically call flush() at the end of each request; you must call it explicitly."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Unit of Work tracks changes to managed entities and writes them when flush() is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In Doctrine, remove() schedules the deletion, which is executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL MVCC generally lets readers and writers proceed concurrently without blocking each other."}

{"answer":"EXPLAIN","explanation":"EXPLAIN displays a query’s execution plan without running the query."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SERIAL uses a sequence and a column default, while GENERATED AS IDENTITY is a distinct SQL-standard column feature."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL treats NULL values as distinct in UNIQUE constraints by default, so multiple rows can contain NULL."}

{"answer":"string_agg","explanation":"PostgreSQL’s string_agg function concatenates values using a specified separator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Plain VACUUM makes dead-tuple space reusable within the table but generally does not return it to the operating system."}

{"answer":"PARTITION BY","explanation":"PARTITION BY divides rows into groups for the window function."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"READ COMMITTED allows a row read twice to return different values if another transaction commits an update between reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PostgreSQL, each statement runs in its own transaction unless an explicit transaction block is used."}

{"answer":"COMMIT","explanation":"COMMIT ends the transaction and saves all its changes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Indexes can speed up UPDATE and DELETE by helping locate the rows that match the search condition."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A SAVEPOINT lets PostgreSQL roll back to an intermediate point within a transaction."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the query and reports actual runtime statistics alongside the plan."}

{"answer":"pgvector","explanation":"pgvector adds vector data types and indexes for embedding search in PostgreSQL."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A partial index includes only rows that satisfy its WHERE condition."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL SERIALIZABLE uses Serializable Snapshot Isolation and detects dangerous dependency patterns rather than locking every row read."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 201 Created indicates that the request successfully created a new resource."}

{"answer":204,"explanation":"HTTP 204 No Content indicates the request succeeded and the response has no body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DELETE is idempotent because repeating it has the same intended effect on the resource as performing it once."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The server sends Access-Control-Allow-Origin to tell the browser which origins may access its responses."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 429 indicates that the client has sent too many requests in a given period."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server errors."}

{"answer":"Content-Type","explanation":"The Content-Type header specifies the MIME type of the body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"RFC 5789 does not require PATCH requests to be idempotent, while PUT is defined as idempotent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Use a password verification function such as password_verify() rather than comparing hashes with ==."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"CSRF tokens are typically tied to a user session and checked server-side on state-changing requests."}

{"answer":"Content-Security-Policy","explanation":"The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header enables a CSP policy."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework; OpenID Connect is used to authenticate users."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Input validation alone does not prevent XSS; output must be safely encoded for its context."}

{"answer":"code","explanation":"The authorization server sends the authorization code to the redirect_uri, where it is exchanged for an access token."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A refresh token is typically longer-lived and can be used to obtain new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A salt is stored with the password hash and is not required to be secret for verification."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit test classes must extend `PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase` to be run as tests."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit runs setUp() before each test, while setUpBeforeClass() runs once before the class's tests."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A data provider can supply multiple sets of arguments for separate test runs."}

{"answer":"expectException","explanation":"Call expectException() with the expected exception class name."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A stub provides configured responses, while a mock can verify expected interactions."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHPUnit 10+ recommends the #[DataProvider] attribute, while the @dataProvider annotation is deprecated."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit supports dependent tests using the `@depends` annotation or the `Depends` attribute."}

{"answer":"--order-by=random","explanation":"The `--order-by=random` option runs tests in random order."}

{"answer":"3-3","explanation":"`intdiv()` truncates toward zero, and concatenation joins `3` and `-3`."}

{"answer":-9,"explanation":"Exponentiation has higher precedence than unary minus, so this evaluates to -(3 ** 2)."}

{"answer":"true","explanation":"Both strings are numeric, and `1e1` equals `10`."}

{"answer":"other","explanation":"In PHP 8+, the nonnumeric string 'a' does not loosely equal the number 0."}

{"answer":"2c","explanation":"Array-based `strtr` uses the longest matching key, so `ab` is replaced with `2`."}

{"answer":"[hello]","explanation":"An offset less than the negative string length makes `substr` return the entire string."}

{"answer":"k,n,m","explanation":"The array union keeps the left-hand value for `k` and adds the right-hand key `m`."}

{"answer":"yxz","explanation":"The rows sort by their third value, and equal values retain their original order."}

{"answer":4,"explanation":"The unpacked array supplies named arguments, so the function returns 5 - 1."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The callable retains the object instance, so it returns the property value 3."}

{"answer":"B","explanation":"`static::class` resolves to the runtime class, which is `B`."}

{"answer":10,"explanation":"The set hook stores twice the assigned value, so reading `$c->x` outputs 10."}

{"answer":"BA","explanation":"The precedence rule makes `f()` use `TB`, while `g()` is an alias for `TA::f()`. "}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"Each class gets its own copy of the trait property, so `CY::$n` remains 0."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The return in the finally block overrides the return from the try block."}

{"answer":"second","explanation":"The exception thrown in the finally block replaces the first exception and is caught."}

{"answer":"App\\Foo|Baz","explanation":"`Baz::class` uses the imported alias, while `\\Baz::class` names the global class."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The first check looks for global `Foo`, while the second finds `Ns\\Foo`."}

{"answer":"1,2,99","explanation":"After the loop, `$v` still references the last array element, so assigning `99` changes it."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The static local variable is shared by the inherited method, so the third call returns 3."}

{"answer":11,"explanation":"send(10) assigns 10 to $x, so the generator returns 11."}

{"answer":"1,2,ok","explanation":"The delegated generator yields 1 and 2, then its return value 'ok' is yielded by outer()."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The hash matches cost 4 but needs rehashing for cost 5."}

{"answer":"strict-in","explanation":"On PHP 8.5, `E_ALL` includes the bit value 2048, so the condition is false."}

{"answer":"mapped","explanation":"Symfony maps the `HTTP_X_TOKEN` server variable to the `X-Token` request header."}

{"answer":"BCA","explanation":"Listeners run in descending priority order: B, C, then A."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Doctrine’s identity map returns the same managed entity instance for repeated finds of the same identifier."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"Removing a newly persisted entity before flush cancels its scheduled insertion."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "COUNT(x) counts only non-NULL values, and the table contains one."}

{"answer":"10,30,60","explanation":"The window sum produces 10, 30, and 60 in id order, which string_agg joins with commas."}

{"answer":"M1M2","explanation":"Each middleware echoes its tag in order before the final stack call throws because no middleware remains."}

{"answer":11,"explanation":"Both handlers run, adding 1 and 10 to `$n`."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"The second insert is ignored because it conflicts with the unique index, leaving one row."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The deferred unique constraint allows both rows until the transaction ends, so the count is 2."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"The filter matches both `test_sum` and `test_sum_abs`, each with three data sets."}

{"answer":"1, 1","explanation":"The non-static data provider is invalid in PHPUnit 10.5, so PHPUnit reports one errored test instead of running either data set."}

{"answer":"POST","explanation":"The `-d` option sends data using POST by default."}

{"answer":"GET","explanation":"The `-G` option makes curl send the data as query parameters in a GET request."}

{"answer":"invalid_client","explanation":"RFC 6749 specifies `invalid_client` when client authentication fails or the client is unknown."}

{"answer":"URL fragment","explanation":"With response_type=token, the access token is returned in the redirect URI’s fragment."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"Twig’s `default` filter replaces `false` with `2`, and `2 * 3` is `6`."}

{"answer":"a3","explanation":"Addition is evaluated before concatenation, so the expression renders as the string \"a3\"."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"The non-empty array is not blank, so validation produces no violations."}

{"answer":"Symfony\\Component\\Form\\Exception\\LogicException","explanation":"Calling isValid() on a form that has not been submitted throws this exception."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Services are shared by default, so both calls return the same object."}

{"answer":"hi Bob!","explanation":"Compilation resolves the nested parameter placeholders in the message."}

{"answer":960,"explanation":"At the 992px large breakpoint, Bootstrap 5.3 sets .container to a 960px max-width."}

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"Both classes have equal specificity, and Bootstrap’s generated CSS places `.text-danger` after `.text-primary`."}

{"answer":2,"explanation":"The Domain class depends on both Application and Infrastructure, which are not allowed."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The Domain class depends on one Application class and two Infrastructure classes, all forbidden by its rules."}

{"answer":"10,15","explanation":"Adding 5 creates a new Money object, leaving $a unchanged."}

{"answer":1,"explanation":"Removing the only item throws before it is unset, so the count remains 1."}

{"answer":"hi","explanation":"The code calls `hi()` on a new `C` instance and echoes the returned string."}

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"The ghost is initially uninitialized; accessing `$o->v` triggers its initializer, so it is no longer uninitialized."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Guard component’s AbstractGuardAuthenticator was removed before Symfony 8.1."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"Symfony 8.1 no longer has `AnnotationClassLoader`, while `AttributeClassLoader` exists."}