Карта знаний PHP — deepseek-flash, run-08 · think: low

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Double-quoted strings interpolate variables and process escape sequences, while single-quoted strings do not."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The null coalescing operator behaves like isset() and does not emit a warning for undefined variables."}

{"answer":"ab","explanation":"echo outputs each argument in order, so 'a' followed by 'b' prints ab."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, print is a language construct that returns 1 and can be used within expressions."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The elvis operator ?: returns its left operand when it is truthy, not falsy; otherwise it returns the right operand."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP 8, the concatenation operator (.) has lower precedence than addition and subtraction."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP's ** operator is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 512, not 64."}

{"answer":"sum: 5","explanation":"In PHP 8, arithmetic + has higher precedence than concatenation ., so 2 + 3 is evaluated first and concatenated to 'sum: '."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Strict array comparison requires the same key/value pairs in the same order and with matching types."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, 0 == false is a loose comparison and evaluates to true, not false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP 8, comparing a non-numeric string to 0 converts the number to a string, so \"abc\" == 0 is false."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP loose comparison coerces null to false, 0, or an empty string depending on the other operand, so null compares equal to all three."}

{"answer": 42, "explanation": "Casting a string to int parses leading numeric characters, yielding 42."}

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "PHP coerces the numeric string '5' to an integer and adds it to 5, yielding 10."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Casting false to string in PHP yields an empty string, not \"0\"."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, 0.1 + 0.2 evaluates to a float slightly different from 0.3, so strict comparison returns false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strrev() reverses bytes, not UTF-8 characters, so it can corrupt multibyte strings."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "str_contains returns true because 'Hello world' contains the substring 'world'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "str_pad() supports padding on the left, right, or both sides via its pad_type argument."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default trim() strips spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, NUL bytes, and vertical tabs."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "strlen counts bytes, and the UTF-8 é is two bytes, so 'héllo' is 6 bytes."}

{"answer":"def","explanation":"A negative start offset counts from the end of the string, returning the last three characters."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ucfirst() returns a new string and does not modify the original variable in place."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Heredoc interpolates variables, while nowdoc treats content literally without interpolation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"sort() reindexes the array and does not preserve key-to-value associations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP casts numeric string keys like '5' to the integer 5 when used as array keys."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, in_array() uses loose comparison; strict comparison requires setting the third parameter to true."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Without a callback, array_filter() keeps only elements that are truthy, removing falsy values."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default array_slice() reindexes numeric keys; you must pass true for preserve_keys to keep them."}

{"answer":"[20, 30]","explanation":"array_slice takes two elements starting at index 1, returning 20 and 30."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The + operator keeps the left array's value for duplicate key 'a', so the result has keys 'a' and 'b'."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.1 added support for unpacking arrays with string keys using the spread operator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP allows named arguments to be combined with argument unpacking in the same call, subject to ordering/duplicate restrictions."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP closures do not capture outer-scope variables unless they are explicitly listed in a use clause."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments actually passed to the function, which is 3."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP arrow functions consist of a single expression and cannot use a curly-braced multi-expression body."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions capture outer variables by value, not by reference."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Static closures are not bound to an object and therefore do not capture $this."}

{"answer": 5, "explanation": "The closure captures $x by value at creation, so it returns the original 5, not the later 7."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In weak typing mode, PHP coerces numeric strings like \"5\" to int for int parameters."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.0 introduced constructor property promotion, allowing visibility modifiers on constructor parameters to declare and assign properties."}

{"answer": "final", "explanation": "The final keyword on a method prevents subclasses from overriding it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a method declared final cannot be overridden by a subclass."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Private parent properties are not accessible in a subclass; only the declaring class can access them."}

{"answer":"class@anonymous","explanation":"get_class() on an anonymous class returns a name starting with \"class@anonymous\" followed by a NUL byte and file/line info."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Private parent methods are not inherited, so a child can redeclare the same method name with any visibility."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"__get() is invoked when reading inaccessible or non-existent properties, not only non-existent ones."}

{"answer":"Error","explanation":"Reassigning a readonly property throws an Error, not an Exception."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP interfaces may declare constants, which implementing classes inherit."}

{"answer":"instanceof","explanation":"The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instance of a class or interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP interfaces can declare static methods, though they cannot provide their implementation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"instanceof also returns true for implemented interfaces, not just class inheritance."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP interfaces cannot contain method implementations; only traits can provide default method bodies."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Abstract methods in an abstract class can be declared public or protected, though not private."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Foo::cases() returns an array containing all three enum cases A, B, and C."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"As of PHP 8.2, traits can declare constants."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "TypeError extends Error, which does not inherit from Exception, so a catch (Exception $e) block will not catch it."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The @ operator suppresses error messages, not exceptions."}

{"answer": "DivisionByZeroError", "explanation": "intdiv() throws DivisionByZeroError when the divisor is zero."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The finally block always runs after try/catch, whether or not an exception was caught."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An exception thrown in a finally block overrides or replaces the pending result or exception from the try/catch blocks."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Casting any object to bool in PHP returns true."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Shutdown functions are executed when the script terminates, including when exit or die is called."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A use statement only creates an alias; the class file is loaded by autoloading when the class is actually used."}

{"answer": "function", "explanation": "PHP uses 'use function' to import a function, while 'use const' imports a constant."}

{"answer":"Controller/Api/UserController.php","explanation":"The namespace prefix App\\ maps to src/, so the remainder Controller\\Api\\UserController becomes Controller/Api/UserController.php."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Composer's vendor/autoload.php initializes and registers autoloaders using spl_autoload_register()."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"__NAMESPACE__ evaluates to the name of the current namespace."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An unqualified class name is resolved relative to the current namespace, not the global root."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PSR-4 maps the App\\ prefix to src/, so App\\Model\\User resolves to src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP namespace import use statements must be declared at the top level of a file/namespace, not inside a function body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, arrays are value types, so assignment copies the array (using copy-on-write) rather than assigning by reference."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "PHP arrays are copied on write, so modifying $b does not affect $a, which still has two elements."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Variables defined globally are not automatically available inside functions; you must use global, $GLOBALS, or pass them as parameters."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Unsetting $GLOBALS['x'] removes the global variable globally, not just within the function."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The function receives $n by reference and increments it from 5 to 6."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A foreach by value iterates over a copy, so changes to the array inside the loop are not visible in the same pass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Static properties belong to the class and are shared across instances, so changes are visible in other objects."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP casts boolean array keys to integers, so true becomes key 1."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A generator can return a value, which is retrieved with getReturn() after iteration completes."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A fully consumed PHP generator cannot be rewound; calling rewind() after it has run throws an exception."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The yield from construct delegates iteration to another generator or iterable, yielding its values."}

{"answer":"Generator","explanation":"Calling a generator function returns an instance of the built-in Generator class."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The generator yields the three elements 1, 2, and 3, so iterator_to_array produces a three-element array."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SplStack is a last-in, first-out (LIFO) stack, not a FIFO queue."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "ArrayIterator wraps an array (or object) and implements the Iterator interface for traversal."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject implements IteratorAggregate, so it can be traversed with foreach."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_hash() automatically generates a secure salt, so you don't pass one separately."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PASSWORD_DEFAULT uses bcrypt (not MD5) and handles salting automatically."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"password_verify returns true when the plaintext matches the hash created by password_hash."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strip_tags() removes HTML/PHP tags and does not prevent SQL injection; parameterized queries or escaping are required."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Regenerating the session ID on login prevents session fixation by issuing a new ID."}

{"answer": "php_sapi_name()", "explanation": "The php_sapi_name() function returns the current SAPI name, such as cli."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_destroy() removes the server-side session data but does not delete the session cookie in the browser."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Session data is only populated after session_start() is called."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "The array_find() function was introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Property hooks were introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Asymmetric property visibility was introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The #[\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The pipe operator |> was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The clone-with syntax was introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The array_first() and array_last() functions were introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.6","explanation":"RFC Partial Function Application v2 was accepted for PHP 8.6."}

{"answer":"8.5","explanation":"The clamp_v2 RFC was implemented in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"There is no adopted PHP RFC called Context Managers v2 as of the given future date."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"No PHP RFC named Bound-Erased Generic Types was declined in 2026; PHP still lacks native generics."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"No PHP RFC enabling ZTS by default has been accepted as of the stated date."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.5 still does not include built-in generics with parameterized types."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"On 2026-11-07, PHP 8.6 had not yet reached GA (scheduled 2026-11-19), so PHP 8.5 was the latest stable branch."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 6 was abandoned, and PHP 7.0 followed PHP 5.6 directly."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The #[\Deprecated] attribute RFC was accepted and added in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The dependency rule states that source code dependencies must point inward, so inner layers know nothing about outer layers."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Domain entities should be framework-agnostic and depend only on the language and standard library, not Doctrine or Symfony."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates are presentation-layer components, not business logic, even if controllers invoke use cases."}

{"answer": "The domain model", "explanation": "The onion architecture places the domain model at its core, with dependencies pointing inward."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Layer-dependency analyzers like deptrac can enforce allowed dependencies and fail builds on forbidden calls."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Use cases should not depend on framework-specific HTTP requests or EntityManagers; they should accept simple input DTOs or domain objects."}

{"answer": "Repository", "explanation": "A repository presents a collection-like interface for aggregates while encapsulating persistence details."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In clean architecture, the database is an outer-layer detail, so swapping PostgreSQL should not affect domain or use-case code."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An aggregate is a consistency boundary around domain objects, not a database table."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Value objects are immutable and equality is based on their field values rather than object identity."}

{"answer": "Aggregate root", "explanation": "The aggregate root is the sole external entry point through which all changes to an aggregate must pass."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A repository is defined for an aggregate root, not for every entity within the aggregate."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Ubiquitous language is a shared domain language used by developers and domain experts to ensure a common understanding."}

{"answer":"bounded context","explanation":"In domain-driven design, a bounded context is the boundary within which a model and its ubiquitous language remain consistent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Anemic models are discouraged in DDD; rich domain models with behavior are preferred."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A bounded context defines its own model, so the same real-world concept can be represented by different classes in different contexts."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony services are not lazy by default; they are instantiated when requested from the container, and true lazy services require explicit lazy configuration."}

{"answer":"debug:router","explanation":"The Symfony console command `debug:router` lists all registered routes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony autowiring can automatically inject dependencies for services, and services can be autoconfigured/autowired without manually declaring every service in services.yaml."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP classes that are cached and reused across requests."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In the dev environment Symfony checks tracked container resources and rebuilds the container only when they change, not on every request."}

{"answer": "APP_ENV", "explanation": "Symfony uses the APP_ENV environment variable to select the active environment such as dev or prod."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony controller actions must be public because the controller resolver invokes them as callables, and private methods are not callable from outside the class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Event subscribers are registered as ordinary listeners and have no inherent priority over other listeners; ordering depends on priority values."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 6.0 removed the legacy guard authentication system in favor of authenticator classes implementing AuthenticatorInterface."}

{"answer":"IsGranted","explanation":"The #[IsGranted] attribute enforces role or permission checks on controller methods and returns 403 when denied."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony voters are used by isGranted() to decide access to a specific object."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 7 removed support for Doctrine-style annotations, so validation constraints must use PHP attributes or other supported formats."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony forms enable CSRF protection by default and validate the token on submission."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony validates submitted form data on the server regardless of any client-side HTML5 validation."}

{"answer":"make:form","explanation":"The Symfony MakerBundle command make:form generates a FormType class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony does not store the user's password in the session; it stores authentication state, not plain-text credentials."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Flex stores bundle configuration in config/packages, typically with one file per bundle or topic."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's convention is to commit .env with development defaults and keep real secrets in the uncommitted .env.local."}

{"answer":"debug:container","explanation":"The debug:container command lists registered services and their aliases in the Symfony container."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony's compiled container is frozen, so setParameter() cannot change parameters at runtime from a controller."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony services are private by default, not public, so they cannot be fetched directly from the container."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bundles can work without a config file in config/packages because configuration is optional unless the bundle specifically requires it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony configuration files, including services.yaml, reference environment variables with the %env(VAR)% syntax."}

{"answer":"APP_DEBUG","explanation":"Symfony uses the APP_DEBUG environment variable to enable debug mode, which activates the profiler and Twig debugging."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger allows multiple handlers for the same message."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The sync transport handles the message immediately in the same process rather than queuing it for a worker."}

{"answer":"messenger:consume","explanation":"The messenger:consume command starts a worker to process queued Messenger messages."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Symfony Messenger, retry_strategy is configured under each transport's options."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Messenger uses the native PHP serializer by default, not JSON."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Scheduler generates scheduled messages and dispatches them via Messenger."}

{"answer": "Doctrine transport", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger's Doctrine transport persists messages in database tables using Doctrine DBAL."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger allows custom middleware to be added to the bus middleware chain before or after built-in middleware."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony follows a two-year major release cycle and six-month minor releases in May and November."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.4 or higher."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 7.0 removed support for docblock annotations for routing, validation, and similar features in favor of PHP attributes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony AssetMapper uses importmap.php to manage CSS/JS assets without Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 6.4 is a long-term support (LTS) release, not a regular non-LTS release."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony major releases remove deprecations introduced in the previous major branch, so they do not keep working."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony provides UPGRADE-X.Y.md guides for major releases describing backward-incompatible changes."}

{"answer": "AssetMapper", "explanation": "Symfony's AssetMapper component manages assets and importmaps without requiring Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is scheduled for release in late November 2026, so it had not been released as of 2026-11-07."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony follows a six-month minor release cycle, so after 8.1 in May 2026, 8.2 is scheduled for November 2026."}

{"answer":"8.2","explanation":"Symfony follows a May/November minor-release cadence, so 8.2 is the next version after 8.1."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 would be a minor release under Symfony's semantic versioning, not a major release requiring rewrites."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP minor releases like 8.1 to 8.2 are backward-compatible, though new deprecations may appear."}

{"answer": 4, "explanation": "Symfony 8.4 is the final minor release in the 8.x branch before Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony minor releases like 8.2 keep the same PHP minimum as the 8.0 major (PHP 8.4), so PHP 8.5 is not required."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony's BC policy keeps deprecations introduced in 8.x until the next major release, Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig expressions only allow registered functions and filters, not arbitrary PHP code."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Twig enables autoescaping by default, typically using HTML escaping."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Twig |e filter (escape) escapes output for the given context, defaulting to HTML, making it safe for HTML output."}

{"answer":"format_number","explanation":"The Twig Intl-extra `format_number` filter formats a number according to a given locale."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The |raw filter marks a value as safe and disables automatic escaping for it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Twig, {{ }} outputs an expression, while {% %} is used for tags such as conditions, loops, and assignments."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig allows declaring variables in a template using the set tag, so values do not only come from the controller."}

{"answer":"dump","explanation":"Twig's dump() function outputs the debug structure of a variable."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap provides CSS/JS UI components and is not a single-page application framework."}

{"answer": ".container", "explanation": "Bootstrap's .container has a responsive fixed max-width at each breakpoint."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Bootstrap's grid uses 12 columns, not 16."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap defines five named breakpoint infixes: sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap spacing utilities multiply the $spacer variable by the number in the class name."}

{"answer":"data-bs-toggle","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 uses the data-bs-toggle attribute to enable components like dropdowns."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 removed the jQuery dependency and its components are written in vanilla JavaScript."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap 5.3+ enables dark mode with the data-bs-theme=\"dark\" attribute on the root element, not a .dark class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Doctrine requires explicit schema creation or migrations; it does not create tables automatically when an entity is first used."}

{"answer":"persist","explanation":"EntityManager::persist() schedules a new entity for insertion without executing SQL until flush()."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "EntityManager::merge() was deprecated and removed in Doctrine ORM 3, so it does not exist."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DQL operates on entity names and their mapped fields rather than database tables and columns."}

{"answer":"null","explanation":"Doctrine's repository find() returns null when no matching record exists."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DoctrineBundle does not automatically flush the EntityManager at the end of each request; flushing must be done explicitly."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Doctrine's Unit of Work tracks changes to managed entities, so flush() persists updates without an explicit persist() call."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "remove() only marks the entity for deletion; the SQL DELETE is executed during flush()."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL MVCC lets readers and writers avoid blocking each other, so the statement is false."}

{"answer":"EXPLAIN","explanation":"EXPLAIN displays a query's execution plan without running the query."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SERIAL is a legacy PostgreSQL pseudo-type using a sequence default, while GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY is a standard SQL identity column mechanism; they are similar but not the same."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default PostgreSQL UNIQUE constraints allow multiple NULL values because NULLs are considered distinct."}

{"answer":"string_agg","explanation":"PostgreSQL's string_agg aggregate concatenates string values using a specified separator."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Plain VACUUM marks dead tuple space as reusable within the database but does not return it to the operating system; VACUUM FULL does."}

{"answer": "PARTITION BY", "explanation": "The PARTITION BY clause divides rows into groups for window function computation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"READ COMMITTED prevents dirty reads but allows non-repeatable reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PostgreSQL defaults to autocommit, so each SQL statement outside an explicit transaction runs in its own implicit transaction."}

{"answer":"COMMIT","explanation":"The COMMIT command ends a transaction and permanently saves all changes made during it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Indexes can speed up locating rows for UPDATE and DELETE when the WHERE clause uses an indexed column, though maintaining indexes adds write overhead."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PostgreSQL supports SAVEPOINT to roll back part of a transaction."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "EXPLAIN ANALYZE actually executes the query and shows the real execution plan and timings."}

{"answer": "pgvector", "explanation": "The pgvector extension adds vector data types and vector indexes for embedding similarity search in PostgreSQL."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A partial index includes only rows that satisfy the specified WHERE predicate."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE using Serializable Snapshot Isolation (SSI), not by locking every row read."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 201 Created indicates that the request succeeded and a new resource was created."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP 204 No Content indicates a successful request with no response body, commonly used after DELETE."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP defines DELETE as idempotent, so repeating the same request has the same intended effect on the resource."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Access-Control-Allow-Origin is a response header sent by the server, not a request header sent by the client."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP 429 Too Many Requests indicates the client has exceeded a rate limit."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "It is reversed: 4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server-side errors."}

{"answer": "Content-Type", "explanation": "The Content-Type header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "RFC 5789 states PATCH is not required to be idempotent, whereas PUT is idempotent."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Plain == comparison is vulnerable to timing attacks; use hash_equals() for constant-time comparison."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A CSRF token bound to the session is issued by the server and checked on unsafe requests to prevent cross-site request forgery."}

{"answer": "Content-Security-Policy", "explanation": "The CSP policy is delivered via the Content-Security-Policy HTTP response header."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework, not an authentication protocol, and access tokens do not identify the user."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"XSS is prevented by escaping output for the correct context, not merely by validating input before database storage."}

{"answer": "code", "explanation": "The authorization server redirects back with an authorization code, which the client exchanges for an access token."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Refresh tokens are long-lived credentials used to obtain new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A salt does not need to be secret; it is typically stored alongside the hash, and verification requires it but secrecy is not required."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit test classes must extend PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase (or otherwise implement the Test interface) for test methods to be discovered and run."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"setUp() runs before each test method, while setUpBeforeClass() runs once for the class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A data provider supplies multiple sets of arguments, causing the test to run once per set, not exactly one."}

{"answer":"expectException","explanation":"PHPUnit's expectException() method declares that a specified exception class should be thrown by the tested code."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"It is reversed: stubs return canned data, while mocks verify method calls/expectations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHPUnit 10 recommends the #[DataProvider] attribute, and the @dataProvider annotation is deprecated."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit supports test dependencies via @depends, allowing one test to use another's result."}

{"answer":"--order-by=random","explanation":"PHPUnit uses the --order-by=random option to run tests in random order."}

{"answer":"3-3","explanation":"intdiv(7,2) is 3 and intdiv(-7,2) truncates toward zero to -3, then concatenation gives \"3-3\"."}

{"answer": -9, "explanation": "The exponentiation operator ** has higher precedence than unary minus, so it is evaluated as -(3 ** 2)."}

{"answer":"true","explanation":"Both strings are numeric, so PHP compares them numerically and 1e1 equals 10."}

{"answer":"other","explanation":"In PHP 8+, the loose comparison 'a' == 0 is false, so the default branch runs and prints 'other'."}

{"answer":"2c","explanation":"strtr() with an array tries the longest matching key first, so 'ab' is replaced by '2', leaving 'c'."}

{"answer":"[hello]","explanation":"A negative offset beyond the string length is clamped to the start, so substr('hello', -10) returns 'hello'."}

{"answer":"k,n,m","explanation":"The array union keeps left-side keys and adds only new right-side keys, so keys are k, n, then m."}

{"answer":"yxz","explanation":"Sorting by the third element ascending puts 'y' first, then preserves 'x' before 'z' for equal values, so the concatenated middle elements are 'yxz'."}

{"answer": 4, "explanation": "PHP 8.1+ treats string-keyed spread elements as named arguments, so f receives a=5 and b=1, returning 4."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"The first-class callable keeps the object alive, so calling it returns the private property value 3."}

{"answer": "B", "explanation": "Late static binding makes static::class resolve to the called class, B."}

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "Inside a property set hook, assigning to $this->x writes the backing value directly, so 5 becomes 10."}

{"answer":"BA","explanation":"TB::f is used for f() returning 'B', and TA::f is aliased as g() returning 'A', so concatenation is 'BA'."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Each class using the trait gets its own independent static property, so changing CX::$n does not affect CY::$n."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "A return in finally overrides the try block's return value."}

{"answer":"second","explanation":"The exception thrown in the finally block replaces the original RuntimeException and is caught by the outer catch, which echoes its message."}

{"answer":"App\\Foo|Baz","explanation":"The alias Baz resolves to App\\Foo, while \\Baz is the global class Baz."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"String class names are not namespace-resolved, so 'Foo' fails while 'Ns\\Foo' exists."}

{"answer":"1,2,99","explanation":"After the by-reference foreach, $v still references the last element, so assigning 99 changes the final array element."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The inherited method shares the same static variable, so the three calls increment it to 1, 2, and 3."}

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "send(10) starts the generator, assigns 10 to $x at the yield, then the generator returns $x + 1 = 11."}

{"answer":"1,2,ok","explanation":"yield from returns inner's return value 'ok', which outer then yields after 1 and 2."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The first check matches the existing cost and prints 'no'; the second requires a higher cost and prints 'yes'."}

{"answer":"strict-out","explanation":"In PHP 8.5, E_ALL no longer includes the E_STRICT bit (2048), so E_ALL & 2048 is 0."}

{"answer":"mapped","explanation":"Symfony maps the HTTP_X_TOKEN server value to the X-Token header, so the comparison succeeds."}

{"answer":"BCA","explanation":"Listeners run in descending priority order: B (10), C (5), then A (default 0)."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Doctrine's identity map returns the same managed object instance for repeated finds by the same ID."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Removing the newly persisted entity before flush cancels the pending insert, so the users table remains empty."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "COUNT(x) counts only non-NULL values, and the table has one non-NULL row."}

{"answer": "10,30,60", "explanation": "The window sum produces cumulative sums 10, 30, 60, which string_agg joins in id order."}

{"answer":"M1M2","explanation":"The first middleware echoes M1, then delegates to the next middleware, which echoes M2."}

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "Both handlers registered for Ping are invoked, so n becomes 1 + 10 = 11."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The first insert adds 1, the second conflicts on the unique index and does nothing."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The deferred unique constraint is not checked until transaction commit, so the SELECT sees both inserted rows."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The filter matches both test_sum and test_sum_abs, and each runs 3 data provider cases, totaling 6 tests."}

{"answer":"2, 1","explanation":"The data provider yields two test cases; the first passes and the second fails."}

{"answer":"POST","explanation":"curl -d sends data as a POST request by default."}

{"answer":"GET","explanation":"The -G option makes curl send the -d data as a URL query string using an HTTP GET request."}

{"answer":"invalid_client","explanation":"RFC 6749 specifies that an unrecognized client_id at the token endpoint results in the invalid_client error."}

{"answer":"fragment","explanation":"With response_type=token, the access token is returned in the URI fragment of the redirect_uri."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The default filter treats false as empty, so it returns 2, and 2 * 3 is 6."}

{"answer":"Twig\\Error\\RuntimeError","explanation":"The `~` operator binds tighter than `+`, so Twig evaluates `('a' ~ 1) + 2`, causing a PHP TypeError that Twig wraps in a RuntimeError."}

{"answer":0,"explanation":"The NotBlank constraint accepts the non-empty array [''], so no violations are produced."}

{"answer":"LogicException","explanation":"Calling isValid() on an unsubmitted Symfony form throws a LogicException, which the catch block outputs by class name."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"By default the service is shared, so repeated get('a') calls return the same object instance."}

{"answer":"hi Bob!","explanation":"Compilation resolves nested parameter placeholders, so %message% becomes '%greeting%!' then 'hi Bob!'."}

{"answer":"960px","explanation":"At a 992px viewport, Bootstrap 5.3's .container uses the lg breakpoint max-width of 960px."}

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"Both utilities have equal specificity and importance, so the one defined later in Bootstrap's generated CSS wins, which is .text-danger."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The Domain class depends on both Application and Infrastructure, violating the Domain → Domain only rule twice."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The Domain class depends on Application and two Infrastructure classes, and all three dependencies violate the Domain→Domain-only rule."}

{"answer":"10,15","explanation":"Money is immutable; add returns a new instance, leaving $a unchanged at 10 and $c at 15."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The remove call throws before unsetting because there is exactly one item, so the count remains 1."}

{"answer":"hi","explanation":"PHP 8.4+ allows calling methods directly on a new expression, so this echoes the returned string 'hi'."}

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"The lazy ghost starts uninitialized, then accessing $o->v runs the initializer, so the second check returns false and the concatenated output is \"yesno\"."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Security Guard component (including AbstractGuardAuthenticator) was deprecated in Symfony 5.3 and removed in Symfony 6.0, so class_exists returns false on 8.1."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"In Symfony 8.1, AnnotationClassLoader was removed, while AttributeClassLoader exists, so the output is 'noyes'."}