Карта знаний PHP — bonsai-2:27b, run-28 · think: medium

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Double-quoted strings support variable interpolation (e.g., $var) and additional escape sequences, while single-quoted strings do not, so they are processed differently, not just at a different speed."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The null coalescing operator ?? in PHP evaluates its left operand using the same logic as isset(), so it silently skips undefined variables and does not trigger any notice or warning."}

{"answer": "ab", "explanation": "In PHP, echo can take multiple comma-separated arguments, which are concatenated and printed in order without any separator."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, print is a language construct (not a function) that does not return any value (it returns null) and cannot be used inside an expression."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Elvis operator (`?:`) returns its left operand when it is truthy, and its right operand when it is falsy."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, the concatenation operator (.) has lower precedence than + and -, so an expression like 1 + 2 . 3 is evaluated as (1 + 2) . 3, yielding '33'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, the ** operator is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 is evaluated as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 2 ** 9 = 512, not (2 ** 3) ** 2 = 64."}

{"answer": "sum: 5", "explanation": "In PHP, the additive operator `+` has higher precedence than string concatenation `.`."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, strict comparison (===) requires arrays to have the same key/value pairs in the same order, so element order matters; it is loose comparison (==) that ignores order." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "0 == false actually returns true in PHP, and == is a loose (not strict) comparison operator."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP 8, a non-numeric string is no longer cast to 0 when loosely compared to an integer; instead the integer is cast to a string, making the comparison \"abc\" == \"0\" which is false."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, null == 0, null == \"\", and null == false all evaluate to true, so null is loosely equal to all three simultaneously."}

{"answer": 42, "explanation": "When casting a string to int in PHP, only the leading numeric portion is converted, so '42abc' becomes 42."}

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "In PHP, the numeric string '5' is automatically cast to the integer 5, so the addition results in 10."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, (string) false results in an empty string (\"\"), not \"0\"; the integer 0 is what becomes \"0\" when cast to a string."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Due to IEEE 754 floating-point imprecision, 0.1 + 0.2 equals 0.30000000000000004, which is not strictly equal to 0.3, so === returns false."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strrev() operates on individual bytes, not on UTF-8 code points, so it will corrupt multi-byte UTF-8 characters."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "str_contains('Hello world', 'world') returns true because 'world' is a substring of 'Hello world'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "str_pad() can pad a string on the right, left, or both sides using the STR_PAD_RIGHT, STR_PAD_LEFT, or STR_PAD_BOTH constants."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, trim() strips all whitespace characters (space, tab, newline, carriage return, vertical tab, and form feed), not just spaces."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "In UTF-8, 'h', 'l', 'l', and 'o' are 1 byte each, while 'é' (U+00E9) is encoded as 2 bytes, giving a total of 6 bytes."}

{"answer": "def", "explanation": "With a negative start index of -3, substr counts from the end of the string, returning the last 3 characters 'def'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, strings are passed by value, and ucfirst() returns a new string rather than modifying the original in place; you must reassign the result to see the change."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Heredoc interpolates variables (e.g., $var) in the body, while nowdoc treats the body as literal strings with no interpolation."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The sort() function reindexes the array with numeric keys 0, 1, 2, ...; it does not preserve key-to-value associations (use asort() for that instead)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, string keys that consist solely of digits are automatically cast to integers, so '5' becomes the integer key 5."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"in_array() uses loose comparison (==) by default; strict comparison (===) is only used when the third parameter $strict is set to true."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "When no callback is provided, array_filter() removes all elements that evaluate to false (i.e., 0, 0.0, '', null, [], false)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, the preserve_keys parameter of array_slice() is false, so the keys are renumbered starting from 0."}

{"answer": "[20, 30]", "explanation": "array_slice starts at offset 1 (value 20) and takes 2 elements, returning the sub-array [20, 30]."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The + operator gives precedence to the left array, so 'a' => 9 is ignored and only 'b' => 2 is added, resulting in ['a' => 1, 'b' => 2]."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Since PHP 8.1, the spread operator can be used with associative arrays (string keys), not just numeric-indexed arrays."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP does not allow mixing named arguments (e.g. name: 'value') with argument unpacking (e.g. ...$args) in the same function call."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, a closure (anonymous function) without the use keyword does not capture any variables from the enclosing scope; you must explicitly use use to bring outer variables into the closure."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments actually passed to the function, which is 3 in this call (1, 2, 3), regardless of how many are declared in the signature."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The body of a PHP arrow function (fn) must be a single expression following the `=>` operator, and does not use curly braces or allow multiple statements."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions (fn) capture outer variables by value eagerly at definition time, not by reference lazily."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a static closure cannot access the $this variable from the enclosing class scope, so it does not capture $this."}

{"answer": 5, "explanation": "The use ($x) clause captures the value of $x by value at closure creation time, so changing $x to 7 afterward does not affect the closure's captured variable, which still holds 5."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In weak typing mode (without strict_types), PHP automatically converts the numeric string \"5\" to the integer 5 when passing it to an int parameter."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Constructor property promotion with visibility modifiers like `private` was introduced in PHP 8.0."}

{"answer": "final", "explanation": "In PHP, the 'final' keyword prevents a method from being overridden in subclasses."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a method declared with the `final` keyword cannot be overridden in a subclass."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Private properties in PHP are accessible only within the class where they are defined; a subclass cannot access the parent's private properties (unlike protected properties)."}

{"answer": "class", "explanation": "In PHP, get_class() on an anonymous class instance returns a string like \"class\\x00/file.php:12\", so the part before the NUL byte is simply \"class\"."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Private methods are hidden from child classes and do not form part of the inheritance contract, so a child class is free to define a method of the same name with any visibility."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The __get() magic method is only invoked when you attempt to access a property that has not been set or declared in the object, i.e., a non-existent property."}

{"answer": "Error", "explanation": "Reassigning a readonly property in PHP 8.1+ throws a TypeError, which is a subclass of Error, not Exception."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, interfaces can declare constants, which are implicitly public and must be assigned a constant expression."}

{"answer": "instanceof", "explanation": "The instanceof operator returns true if the object is an instance of the specified class or interface."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, interfaces can only declare abstract method signatures and constants; they cannot declare static methods."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The instanceof operator checks both class inheritance and interface implementation, so it does not ignore interfaces."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, interfaces can only declare method signatures (abstract methods) without any method body, so they cannot provide default implementations like traits can."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, abstract methods can be declared as either public or protected, so a protected abstract method in an abstract class is perfectly valid."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Foo::cases() returns an array containing all enum cases, and this enum has 3 cases (A, B, and C)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, traits can declare constants using the `const` keyword, just like classes can."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Throwable is an abstract class in PHP, not an interface, so calling it 'The Throwable interface' makes the statement false."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "TypeError inherits from Error (not Exception); both Exception and Error extend Throwable, so catching Exception will not catch TypeError."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, the @ operator suppresses errors, warnings, notices, and deprecations, but it does not suppress exceptions, which are handled through try/catch and set_exception_handler()."}

{"answer": "DivisionByZeroError", "explanation": "In PHP 8.0+, calling intdiv(5, 0) throws a DivisionByZeroError, which extends ArithmeticException."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The finally block executes regardless of whether an exception was thrown and caught; it runs after the try block completes, whether or not an exception occurred or was handled."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An exception thrown inside a finally block does have an effect; it propagates outward and replaces any exception already being handled by the catch block."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, casting any non-null object to a boolean always yields true, and new Exception('x') produces a valid non-null object."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"register_shutdown_function() callbacks are executed on normal termination, which includes when exit() or die() is called."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The 'use' statement is only a namespace alias that changes how a class name is resolved; the actual class file is not loaded until the class is first referenced (e.g., instantiated or called)."}

{"answer": "function", "explanation": "In PHP, to import a function you use the syntax 'use function Namespace\\FunctionName;' whereas 'use const' is for importing constants."}

{"answer": "Controller/Api/UserController.php", "explanation": "Under PSR-4, the namespace part after 'App\\' (i.e. Controller\\Api) plus the class name becomes the relative file path: src/Controller/Api/UserController.php."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Composer-generated vendor/autoload.php calls spl_autoload_register() to attach its classmap and PSR-4 autoloader callbacks."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "__NAMESPACE__ is a magic constant introduced in PHP 5.3 that returns the name of the current namespace, or an empty string if there is no namespace."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An unqualified class name is resolved relative to the current namespace (and the autoloader), not directly from the global root; a leading backslash is required to reference the global namespace."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PSR-4, the namespace 'App\\' maps to 'src/', and the remaining sub-namespace 'Model\\User' translates to the relative path 'Model/User.php' inside that directory, resulting in src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, a `use` statement can be placed inside a function or method body to import a class, and the import is scoped to that function/method only."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, array assignment creates a copy of the array (copy-on-write internally), so the two variables hold independent data unless explicitly passed by reference with the & operator."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "PHP uses copy-on-write, so modifying $b does not affect $a, which remains [1, 2]."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, variables defined in the global scope are not visible inside functions by default; you must use `global`, `$GLOBALS`, or pass them as parameters to access them within a function."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "$GLOBALS is a super-global array that directly references the global scope, so unset($GLOBALS['x']) permanently removes the global variable from the entire global scope, not just the current function's execution."}

{"answer": "6", "explanation": "The function inc takes $x by reference, so $n is incremented from 5 to 6."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, foreach by value iterates over a snapshot (copy) of the array taken at loop start, so modifications to the array during the same pass (e.g., appending elements) are not visible to the loop."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Static properties are shared among all instances of a class; changes made through one object are visible to all other objects of the same class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, boolean array keys are automatically cast to integers (true becomes 1, false becomes 0), so the key is stored as an integer, not as a bool."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP 7.3+, a return statement with a value inside a generator function sets the generator's return value, which can be accessed via the getReturn() method on the Generator object."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, once a generator is fully exhausted, calling rewind() on it resets it to the beginning, allowing it to be traversed again with next()."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The yield from construct in PHP delegates traversal to another generator or Traversable iterable, yielding its values as if they were part of the outer generator."}

{"answer": "Generator", "explanation": "Calling a PHP generator function returns a Generator object, so get_class() on the result of g() returns the string \"Generator\"."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "yield from [1, 2, 3] yields the three elements 1, 2, and 3, which iterator_to_array() converts into an array of three elements, so count() returns 3."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SplStack implements a LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) stack, not a FIFO (First-In, First-Out) queue; the SPL class for a FIFO queue is SplQueue."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "ArrayIterator is a built-in PHP class that implements the Iterator interface and allows you to wrap and traverse an array element by element."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject implements the Iterator interface and can be traversed with foreach."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"password_hash() generates a cryptographically random salt automatically and embeds it in the returned hash, so you never need to supply a salt separately."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PASSWORD_DEFAULT in PHP 8 is an alias for PASSWORD_BCRYPT, not MD5."}

{"answer": "true", "explanation": "password_hash() creates a hash of 'secret' and password_verify() confirms the plaintext matches that hash, returning the boolean true."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strip_tags() removes HTML tags to prevent XSS attacks, not SQL injection, which is protected by prepared statements or proper escaping."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_regenerate_id() is the recommended PHP method to mitigate session fixation attacks by issuing a new session ID after a user logs in, invalidating any previously known session ID an attacker may have captured."}

{"answer": "php_sapi_name", "explanation": "The php_sapi_name() function returns the name of the loaded SAPI module, such as 'cli', 'apache2handler', or 'fpm'."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_destroy() only removes the session data stored on the server side; the session cookie persists in the user's browser unless explicitly deleted (e.g., via setcookie() with a past expiration)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "You must explicitly call session_start() before $_SESSION is available and populated with session data."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "There is no built-in PHP function called array_find(); the closest equivalent is array_search(), so it was never introduced."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Property hooks (get/set defined directly in the property declaration) were indeed introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric visibility for properties, allowing syntax like public private(set) string $name to restrict writing to private scope while keeping reads public."}

{"answer": "does not exist", "explanation": "The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute is not a recognized PHP attribute in any released PHP version."}

{"answer": "8.1", "explanation": "The pipe operator |>, used to pipe values between functions, was introduced in PHP 8.1."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The 'clone-with' syntax clone($obj, ['x' => 1]) does not exist in any version of PHP; clone is a unary operator that only takes an object operand and no associative array argument."}

{"answer": "None – array_first() and array_last() are not built-in PHP functions in any version", "explanation": "PHP has never included array_first() or array_last() as standard library functions; equivalent functionality is typically achieved with array_slice(), array_values(), or custom helper functions."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"RFC 'Partial Function Application v2' does not appear to have been adopted into any PHP version as of 2026-11-07; no such accepted RFC exists in the PHP roadmap."}

{"answer":"8.1","explanation":"The clamp_v2 RFC was accepted and the clamp() function was implemented in PHP 8.1."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Context Managers are a Python concept; PHP has no 'Context Managers v2' RFC, and no such feature exists in PHP's RFC process."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "There is no PHP RFC by the name 'Bound-Erased Generic Types' that was declined in 2026; this does not correspond to a known PHP RFC."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "No PHP RFC enabling ZTS (Zend Thread Safety) as the default build has been accepted; the default PHP build remains non-ZTS (single-threaded) for performance reasons."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP has not introduced parameterized types (generics) in any released version, including PHP 8.5, though it does support type hints and docblock annotations."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP follows an annual minor release cycle, so if PHP 8.5 is the latest stable in November 2026, PHP 8.6 would not have a GA date just 12 days later; it would be expected around November 2027."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The PHP 6 branch was never released as a stable version; its work was carried forward and eventually shipped as PHP 7.0, so PHP 5.6 was followed directly by PHP 7.0 in the stable release lineage."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The RFC to add the #[\\Deprecated] attribute to PHP core was adopted and included in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In both clean and onion architecture, dependencies point inward toward the core, and inner layers must not depend on outer layers."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In DDD, the domain layer must be free of external dependencies; it should depend only on the language itself (and possibly the standard library), never on infrastructure such as Doctrine or Symfony."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates belong to the presentation/view layer, not the business-logic layer; they call use cases but that does not make them part of the business-logic layer — the business logic resides within the use cases themselves."}

{"answer": "Domain Layer", "explanation": "In the Onion Architecture, the innermost layer at the very center is the Domain Layer, which contains the core business rules and logic independent of any framework or infrastructure details."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "deptrac is a static-analysis tool that automatically detects forbidden cross-layer calls and fails the build, enabling layer boundary violations to be caught automatically in CI/CD pipelines."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A use case should remain decoupled from transport and persistence layers; accepting an HTTP Request or an EntityManager couples it to framework-specific infrastructure, making it harder to test and reuse."}

{"answer": "Repository", "explanation": "A Repository is a domain layer component that acts as an in-memory collection of aggregates/entities while abstracting the storage mechanism (database, file, etc.) behind an interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In clean architecture, the database is an infrastructure concern at the outermost layer, so the domain and use cases remain decoupled and unaffected by swapping PostgreSQL for another database."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An aggregate is a domain-level boundary of consistency (a cluster of entities/value objects around an aggregate root), not a physical database table; the mapping between the two is an implementation concern."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A Value Object is by definition immutable and its equality is determined by comparing its field values rather than object identity (reference equality)."}

{"answer": "Aggregate Root", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, the Aggregate Root is the single external entry point of an aggregate, through which all modifications to the aggregate must be made."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In DDD, a repository is associated with an aggregate root, which serves as the boundary for persisting and loading the entire aggregate, rather than being created for each individual entity within it."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Domain-Driven Design, Ubiquitous Language is indeed the shared vocabulary used by both developers and domain experts that permeates the model and all communications."}

{"answer": "domain", "explanation": "In model theory, the domain (or universe of discourse) is the boundary within which a structure/model consistently interprets the language, while in other domains the same symbols are interpreted differently."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DDD advocates for a rich domain model where business logic and invariants are encapsulated within domain objects, rather than an anemic model where logic is pushed into separate service classes."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, a bounded context is a clearly defined boundary within which a specific model is valid, allowing the same concept to be represented as a different class with different attributes in each context."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony's DI container stores service definitions (factories) by default and instantiates a service only when it is first requested via get(), making it lazy by default."}

{"answer": "php bin/console routing", "explanation": "This Symfony console command displays a list of all registered routes in the application."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony autowiring automatically detects and registers services without requiring manual declarations in services.yaml for every single service."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP classes (extending Twig\\Template) and caches the compiled output in a cache directory between requests."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony's development environment, the container is cached after the first compilation and only rebuilt when tracked files (e.g., classes, configuration) are detected to have changed, rather than on every request."}

{"answer": "SYMFONY_ENV", "explanation": "The SYMFONY_ENV environment variable is used to select the active Symfony environment (e.g., dev, prod, test)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In Symfony, routed controller methods must be public; the framework invokes them via reflection which requires public visibility, so private methods cannot be used as action methods." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP does not have a built-in event system that grants inherent priority to subscribers over listeners; in frameworks like Symfony, dispatch order is determined by numerical priority values, not by the interface type."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The deprecated guard system (GuardedUser, GuardedSession, etc.) was removed in Symfony 6.0, leaving AuthenticatorInterface and related classes as the authentication foundation."}

{"answer": "IsGranted", "explanation": "The Symfony #[IsGranted] attribute checks for a permission or role on a controller method, returning a 403 Forbidden if the user does not have the required right."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "isGranted('EDIT', $post) with an object argument is the Access Control List (ACL) pattern in Symfony; voters are a separate authorization mechanism that implement VoterInterface and handle decisions through their own logic."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony 7+ (backed by Doctrine 3.0), validation constraints are written with PHP attributes like #[Assert\\NotBlank], and Doctrine annotations have been removed entirely in favor of PHP attributes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony's Form component automatically includes and validates a CsrfToken field on submission by default."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony always performs server-side validation via the Validator component when a form is submitted, regardless of whether HTML5 client-side checks passed."}

{"answer": "make:form", "explanation": "The Symfony MakerBundle command 'make:form' generates a new FormType class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony does not store the password in the session; it only stores the user's identity (e.g., username, email) after successful authentication, while the actual password is never placed in the session."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In modern Symfony projects, bundle and component configuration files are placed in the config/packages directory, typically one file per bundle or topic (e.g., twig.yaml, security.yaml, doctrine.yaml)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "This is a standard convention: a committed .env file holds harmless dev defaults, while .env.local (git-ignored) holds sensitive secrets."}

{"answer": "debug:container", "explanation": "The Symfony command debug:container displays the container's registered services and their aliases."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Symfony container's parameters are set during container compilation (via the ContainerBuilder), and once the container is finalized (as it is in a controller), setParameter() is not a supported runtime operation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, Symfony services are private (public: false), so they cannot be fetched directly from the container unless explicitly marked as public: true."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Configuration is not mandatory for every bundle; many bundles work fine without any configuration in config/packages, relying on sensible defaults or being self-contained."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony, the %env(VAR)% parameter resolver is used to inject environment variable values into configuration files such as services.yaml."}

{"answer": "APP_DEBUG", "explanation": "The APP_DEBUG environment variable in Symfony enables debug mode, which activates the web profiler and Twig debugging features."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A single message in Symfony Messenger can be handled by multiple handlers; any number of listeners/handlers can be registered for the same message class, and they will all be invoked when that message is dispatched."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The sync transport processes the message immediately within the same request cycle by calling the handler directly; it does not put the message into a queue for a separate worker to consume."}

{"answer": "bin/console messenger:consume", "explanation": "The messenger:consume command starts a Symfony Messenger worker that polls and processes messages from the configured transport."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony Messenger, the retry strategy options (such as num_retries, backoff, time_limit, and max_delay) are defined at the transport level in the configuration, not per individual message."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger uses JSON encoding (application/json) as the default serializer for messages sent over the transport."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony Scheduler schedules the execution of tasks (callbacks or commands) at defined intervals; it does not specifically produce and dispatch Messenger messages."}

{"answer": "db", "explanation": "In Symfony Messenger, the 'db' transport persists messages to database tables managed by Doctrine ORM."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's Messenger pipeline supports registering custom middleware with 'after' and 'before' options to interleave them with built-in middleware in the chain."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony major releases have historically been annual (not biennial), and minor releases occur in April and November (not May and November)."}

{"answer": "8.2", "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires a minimum PHP version of 8.2, following the pattern of each major version raising the minimum PHP requirement."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 7.0 removed support for docblock annotations; PHP attributes (introduced as the replacement in Symfony 6.x) are the only supported way to define routes, validation, and similar metadata."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "AssetMapper is a PHP library that provides a lightweight, Node/webpack-free approach to managing CSS and JS assets using an importmap.php file."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 6.4 is an even-minor release, which qualifies for long-term support (LTS) with 3 years of bug fixes, not a regular release without long-term support."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Major Symfony releases remove deprecations introduced in the previous major version (e.g., 5.x deprecations are removed in 6.x), which is the entire purpose of the deprecation cycle."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony publishes an UPGRADE guide (UPGRADE.md) with each major release documenting breaking changes and deprecations."}

{"answer": "AssetMapper", "explanation": "The Symfony AssetMapper component (introduced in Symfony 7.1) manages static assets and generates importmaps in pure PHP without requiring Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Following Symfony's standard release cycle (major versions in November, minor versions in May), Symfony 8.2 would be expected around May 2027, so it would not yet be released as of November 7, 2026."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Following the six-month cycle, November 2026 would be Symfony 8.0 (a major release), not 8.2; Symfony 8.2 would be scheduled for November 2027."}

{"answer": "8.2", "explanation": "Symfony follows a predictable minor release cycle, so the next version after 8.1 is 8.2."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 does not exist (as of current releases, the latest is 7.x), and even major Symfony releases follow deprecation cycles with migration tools rather than requiring a complete rewrite of applications."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP maintains backward compatibility between major releases, so code written for 8.1 should run correctly in 8.2 without modifications."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony 8.4 is the final minor release of the 8.x branch before Symfony 9.0 is released."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony minor releases within the same major version do not jump PHP requirements by several versions; Symfony 8.2 would continue to require the PHP version established for Symfony 8.0 (PHP 8.1), not PHP 8.5."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's deprecation policy states that deprecations introduced in a major version are removed in the next major version, so deprecations added in the 8.x branch will be removed in Symfony 9.0 and not before."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig's {{ }} expressions use a restricted template language and do not allow arbitrary PHP code to be written directly in templates, which is a security measure to separate logic from presentation."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Since Twig 1.12, autoescaping is enabled by default for all template output, which prevents XSS attacks."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Twig |e (escape) filter defaults to escaping output for an HTML context, though it can also target other contexts like 'js', 'css', or 'xml' when specified."}

{"answer": "intlnumberformat", "explanation": "The intlnumberformat filter from twig/intl-extra formats a number according to a locale."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Laravel's Blade templates, the {raw} filter (e.g., {{ $value|raw }}) bypasses the default htmlspecialchars auto-escaping, rendering the value as raw HTML."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Twig, {{ }} outputs an expression's value to the template, while {% %} is used for executing control-structure tags such as if, for, and set."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig allows you to declare variables inside a template using the {% set %} tag, so values are not limited to what the controller passes in."}

{"answer": "dump()", "explanation": "The dump() function in Twig outputs a debug representation of a variable, showing its type and contents."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap is a front-end UI component library (CSS, JS, Sass), not a single-page application (SPA) framework like React, Angular, or Vue."}

{"answer":"container","explanation":"The .container class in Bootstrap provides a responsive container with a fixed max-width at each breakpoint (auto below the smallest breakpoint and fixed max-width at each larger breakpoint)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Bootstrap grid splits a row into 12 columns, not 16, and modern versions (Bootstrap 4/5) use Flexbox rather than CSS floats."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Bootstrap 4 and 5, there are five named breakpoints used as class-name infixes: sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Tailwind CSS, spacing utilities like .mt-3 and .px-2 are generated from the spacing scale, where the number corresponds to a value in that scale (typically a multiple of the base unit, 0.25rem)."}

{"answer": "data-bs-toggle", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, the data-bs-toggle attribute is the primary data attribute that enables interactive components such as dropdowns, modals, offcanvas, and tabs on an element."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 dropped its jQuery dependency and implements its interactive components using vanilla JavaScript."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, dark mode is enabled by adding the data-bs-theme=\"dark\" attribute to the <body> element, not by adding a .dark class to the root (<html>) element."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Doctrine ORM does not automatically create database tables; you must manually run schema generation commands (e.g., doctrine:schema:generate or doctrine:mapping:info) to create the corresponding tables."}

{"answer": "persist", "explanation": "EntityManager::persist() adds a new object to the Unit of Work (marks it managed) without issuing SQL; the INSERT is only executed on flush()."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Doctrine ORM 3, EntityManager::merge() is a persistent method that makes a passed entity managed (either new/transient or detached), placing it under the EntityManager's control."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "DQL (Doctrine Query Language) is an object-oriented query language that references entity classes and their mapped properties rather than underlying database tables and columns."}

{"answer": "null", "explanation": "In PHP repository patterns, the find() method returns null when no record matching the given id exists."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "DoctrineBundle does not automatically call flush() at the end of every request; you must explicitly call $entityManager->flush() (or rely on a custom service/strategy) to persist changes." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Once an entity is managed, the Unit of Work performs change detection on flush(), so you only need to modify the property and call flush() without calling persist() again."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"remove() only marks the entity as pending deletion; the SQL DELETE is issued when flush() is called."}

{ ⏎ "answer": "no", ⏎ "explanation": "MVCC in PostgreSQL is specifically designed so that readers do NOT block writers and writers do NOT block readers; that is the whole point of multi-version concurrency control." ⏎ }

{"answer": "EXPLAIN", "explanation": "The EXPLAIN SQL command displays the query execution plan (such as the optimizer's chosen strategy) without actually running the query."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SERIAL is a PostgreSQL-specific convenience type that creates a sequence-backed column with NOT NULL, while GENERATED AS IDENTITY is the standard SQL mechanism with different behavioral semantics (e.g., GENERATED ALWAYS prevents explicit inserts). They are not the same mechanism."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PostgreSQL, by default a UNIQUE constraint treats NULL values as distinct from each other, so multiple rows are allowed to have NULL in the constrained column."}

{"answer": "string_agg", "explanation": "string_agg(expression, delimiter) is the PostgreSQL aggregate function that concatenates strings with a specified separator."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Plain VACUUM reclaims dead-tuple space for reuse within the table but does not return it to the operating system; only VACUUM FULL does that by rewriting the table."}

{"answer": "PARTITION BY", "explanation": "In SQL window function definitions, the PARTITION BY clause divides the rows into groups (partitions) over which the window function is computed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "READ COMMITTED only prevents dirty reads; it does not protect against non-repeatable reads, which requires at least the REPEATABLE READ isolation level."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PostgreSQL, autocommit is enabled by default, so each individual SQL statement is executed within its own implicit transaction that is automatically committed."}

{"answer": "COMMIT", "explanation": "COMMIT is the SQL command that finalizes and persists all changes made within a transaction, ending the transaction block."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Indexes help locate rows quickly for any statement type that filters on an indexed column, including UPDATE and DELETE, not just SELECT."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PostgreSQL uses SAVEPOINT to create a checkpoint within a transaction, allowing you to roll back only the statements executed after that point using ROLLBACK TO <savepoint_name> while preserving the earlier committed work."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "EXPLAIN ANALYZE actually executes the query to collect real timing and statistics, unlike plain EXPLAIN which only shows the estimated plan without execution."}

{"answer": "pgvector", "explanation": "pgvector is a PostgreSQL extension that provides a vector data type and index methods (like GIN and GiST) for performing similarity searches on embeddings."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A partial index only indexes rows that satisfy the WHERE clause condition, which reduces the index size and can improve query performance."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PostgreSQL's SERIALIZABLE level uses predicate locking (locking on the range of rows a query could match) rather than simply locking the specific rows a transaction reads in its snapshot."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP status 201 'Created' indicates that the request successfully resulted in the creation of a new resource."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP status 204 (No Content) indicates a successful response with an empty body, commonly used after a DELETE request."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Per the HTTP specification (RFC 7231), DELETE is defined as idempotent: repeating the same DELETE request does not produce a different result from issuing it once (subsequent calls simply find nothing to delete)."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is sent by the server in the response to inform the browser that the client at a given origin is allowed to read the response, not sent by the client to the server."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP status 429 Too Many Requests is specifically designed to inform a client that it has made too many requests within a specified time frame, indicating a rate limit has been exceeded."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The statement reverses the roles: 4xx codes indicate client errors (e.g., 404 Not Found) and 5xx codes indicate server errors (e.g., 500 Internal Server Error)."}

{"answer": "Content-Type", "explanation": "The Content-Type HTTP header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"RFC 5789 explicitly states that PATCH is not idempotent by definition, whereas PUT (per RFC 7231) is required to be idempotent."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The == operator is not timing-safe, so it is vulnerable to timing attacks; you should use hash_equals() instead to perform a constant-time comparison."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "This accurately describes the standard CSRF token mechanism: the server generates and binds a token to the session, and then validates it on the server side for state-changing (unsafe) requests such as POST, PUT, and DELETE."}

{"answer":"Content-Security-Policy","explanation":"The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header is used to specify allowed sources for the content a browser should load from, thereby enabling CSP."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "OAuth 2.0 is an authorization protocol (not an authentication protocol), and the access token grants access to protected resources rather than identifying the user; identity claims are carried by an ID token in OpenID Connect." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Validating input before storing it does not prevent XSS; the key defense is encoding/escaping output when it is rendered to the browser."}

{"answer": "authorization code (code)", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, the authorization endpoint redirects the user back to the redirect_uri with a query parameter named 'code', which is the authorization code that the client exchanges at the token endpoint for an access token."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Refresh tokens are designed to have a longer expiration than access tokens and enable you to request a new access token without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A salt does not need to be secret; it is typically stored alongside the hash so it can be retrieved when verifying a password."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit only discovers and executes test methods in classes that extend PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase (or a subclass thereof)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "setUp() runs before each individual test method in the class, not once before all tests; that is the role of setUpBeforeClass()."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A data provider is designed to supply multiple sets of arguments so that a test can be run with each set, not just exactly one."}

{"answer": "expectException", "explanation": "In PHPUnit, $this->expectException(ClassName::class) declares the expectation that a specific exception class will be thrown during the test."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The statement has it backwards: a stub returns predetermined data, while a mock verifies which methods were called with what arguments."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHPUnit 10+, the #[DataProvider] attribute is the recommended approach, and the legacy @dataProvider docblock annotation has been deprecated."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit provides methods like dependsOnTestClass(), dependsOnTestMethod(), and the @depends annotation to make one test depend on another, so it does allow test dependencies."}

{"answer": "--shuffle", "explanation": "The --shuffle PHPUnit CLI option randomizes the order in which tests are executed."}

{"answer": "3-3", "explanation": "intdiv truncates toward zero, so intdiv(7,2)=3 and intdiv(-7,2)=-3, concatenated as the string \"3-3\"."}

{"answer": -9, "explanation": "In PHP, the exponentiation operator ** has higher precedence than the unary minus, so the expression is parsed as -(3 ** 2) which equals -9, not (-3) ** 2."}

{"answer": "true", "explanation": "Both '1e1' and '10' are numeric strings, so PHP casts them to numbers (10 == 10) and the comparison is true, making the ternary output 'true'."}

{"answer": "zero", "explanation": "In PHP's loose comparison, the non-numeric string 'a' is cast to the integer 0, so it matches case 0."}

{"answer": "2c", "explanation": "strtr uses the longest matching array key first, so \"ab\" is replaced by \"2\"."}

{"answer": "[hello]", "explanation": "When the negative offset -10 exceeds the length of the string 'hello' (5 chars), PHP clamps the start position to 0, so substr returns the entire string 'hello'."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "k,n,m", "explanation": "The + operator merges arrays, keeping $a's value for duplicate key 'k', so array_keys returns [k, n, m]."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "yxz", "explanation": "After sorting by the third element (index 2) ascending, the array becomes [[2,'y',1],[1,'x',2],[3,'z',2]], and array_column with key 1 extracts ['y','x','z'], which implode with '' produces 'yxz'."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 4, "explanation": "Named arguments via the spread operator match by parameter name, so $a=5 and $b=1, giving 5-1=4."} ⏎ ```

{ ⏎   "answer": "3", ⏎   "explanation": "The callable captures the P object reference, so reassigning $p to null does not affect it; calling $f() still returns $this->v which is 3." ⏎ }

{"answer": "B", "explanation": "static::class resolves to the late static bound class, which is B, the actual class of the instance."}

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "The property setter multiplies the assigned value by 2, so setting $c->x = 5 stores 10, which is then echoed."}

{"answer": "BA", "explanation": "TB::f insteadof TA resolves f() to TB's version (returns 'B'), and TA::f as g aliases TA's f to g (returns 'A')."}

{"answer": "0", "explanation": "In PHP, each class that uses a trait gets its own separate copy of the trait's static properties, so setting CX::$n does not affect CY::$n which remains 0."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 1, "explanation": "In PHP, a return statement inside a finally block does not override the return value from the try block; the function returns 1."} ⏎ ```

```json ⏎ {"answer": "second", "explanation": "The LogicException('second') thrown in the finally block replaces the RuntimeException('first') and is caught by the outer catch(LogicException) block."} ⏎ ```

{"answer":"App\\Foo|Baz","explanation":"Within namespace N, the use statement aliases App\\Foo as Baz, so Baz::class resolves to 'App\\Foo', while \\Baz::class (global namespace) resolves to 'Baz'."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "class_exists('Foo') searches only the global namespace for a class literally named 'Foo' (it is not prefixed with the current namespace), so it returns false; class_exists('Ns\\Foo') finds the class, returning true, producing the concatenation 'no' . 'yes'."} ⏎ ```

{"answer":"1,2,99","explanation":"The foreach loop creates $v as a reference to the last element of $a, so assigning $v = 99 changes the last element to 99."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Static variables are shared across all instances of the class where they are declared; since B extends A and does not redeclare $n, both $a and $b share the same static counter, so three calls to inc() (two calls before echo, one in echo) produce 3."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "", "explanation": "The single send(10) call only resumes the generator to the yield point (assigning $x=10), but the generator is still paused and has not executed the return statement, so getReturn() returns null, which echoes as an empty string."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "1,2,ok", "explanation": "yield from inner() delegates and yields 1 and 2, then captures inner's return value 'ok' into $r, which is yielded last, producing [1, 2, 'ok'] that implode joins into '1,2,ok'."}

{"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "password_needs_rehash returns false when the hash cost (4) matches the requested cost (4), and true when the requested cost (5) is higher than the hash cost (4)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "strict-in", ⏎   "explanation": "E_PARSE equals 2048 and is always part of E_ALL, so (E_ALL & 2048) === 0 is false, meaning 'strict-in' is echoed." ⏎ }

{"answer": "mapped", "explanation": "Symfony's Request::create() normalizes the HTTP_X_TOKEN header to x-token, and headers->get() performs a case-insensitive lookup, so X-Token successfully retrieves 'abc'."}

{"answer": "BCA", "explanation": "Symfony's EventDispatcher calls listeners in descending order of priority (10, 5, 0), so the listeners append B, C, and A in that order."}

{"answer": "same", "explanation": "After flush, the entity is cached in the EntityManager's identity map (first-level cache), so both find() calls return the exact same object instance."}

{"answer": "0", "explanation": "persist() adds the entity to the Unit of Work's pending inserts without executing SQL; remove() before flush() cancels the pending insert, so flush() issues no INSERT, leaving the users table empty."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "COUNT(x) counts only non-NULL values in column x, so with values 1 and NULL it returns 1."}

{"answer":"10,30,60","explanation":"The window function sum(x) OVER (ORDER BY id) produces running sums 10, 30, 60, which string_agg then joins with commas into the single string '10,30,60'."}

{"answer":"M1M2","explanation":"The middleware stack processes middlewares in order (M1 then M2), each echoing its tag before delegating to the next, so the output is \"M1M2\"."}

{"answer": "11", "explanation": "The HandleMessageMiddleware with a HandlersLocator calling all registered handlers for the message type executes both closures, incrementing $n by 1 and then by 10, resulting in 11."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The first INSERT succeeds, the second INSERT is skipped due to the unique index with ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING, leaving only one row, so count(*) returns 1."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The UNIQUE constraint is DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED, so the uniqueness check is delayed until COMMIT; both duplicate inserts succeed within the transaction, so count(*) returns 2."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 6, "explanation": "The --filter test_sum matches both test_sum and test_sum_abs (substring match), each with 3 data provider datasets, for a total of 6 test cases."} ⏎ ```

{"answer":"2,1","explanation":"The DataProvider supplies two datasets ([1] and [-1]), so test_x runs twice; only the run with -1 fails the assertTrue(-1 > 0) assertion."}

{"answer": "POST", "explanation": "The -d flag tells curl to send data in the request body, which implies a POST HTTP method."}

{"answer": "GET", "explanation": "The -G flag tells curl to use the GET method and append the -d data as a query string, making it a GET request instead of a POST."}

{"answer": "invalid_client", "explanation": "Per RFC 6749 Section 5.3, when the client identification fails (i.e., the client_id does not match a registered client), the token endpoint returns the error 'invalid_client' along with HTTP 401."}

{"answer": "query string", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow (response_type=token), the authorization server appends the access_token as a query parameter (e.g., ?access_token=...) to the redirect_uri."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "In Twig, the default filter treats false as an 'empty' value (per documentation: 'Empty includes: null, false, empty array, empty string'), so false|default(2) evaluates to 2, and 2 * 3 = 6."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Twig\\RuntimeException", ⏎   "explanation": "The expression parses as ('a' ~ 1) + 2 due to ~ having higher precedence than +, resulting in 'a1' + 2, which attempts numeric addition on a non-numeric string and throws Twig\\RuntimeException." ⏎ }

```json ⏎ {"answer": 0, "explanation": "The array [''] is not considered blank by Symfony's NotBlank constraint (it is a non-empty array), so no violations are produced."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "valid", "explanation": "The code creates a TextType form via Symfony's form factory; since TextType has no built-in validators, isValid() returns true, so the ternary echoes 'valid'."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"After compile(), the container caches the resolved service instance, so both calls to get('a') return the same stdClass object."}

{"answer": "hi Bob!", "explanation": "The parameter resolver resolves %name% to 'Bob' and %greeting% to 'hi Bob', then appends the literal '!', resulting in 'hi Bob!'."}

{"answer": 960, "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3, the .container class applies max-width: 960px at the @media (min-width: 992px) breakpoint, which is active at a 992px viewport."}

{"answer": "text-danger", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3's generated CSS, .text-danger is defined after .text-primary, so with equal specificity it wins the cascade."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": 2, "explanation": "The class is in the Domain layer, which may only depend on Domain. It uses App\\Application\\PlaceOrder (Domain→Application violation) and App\\Infrastructure\\Db (Domain→Infrastructure violation), totaling 2 violations."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "BillingService is in the Domain layer and depends on Application\\PlaceOrder (1 violation) and Infrastructure\\Db and Infrastructure\\Logger (2 violations), all of which violate the rule that Domain may only depend on Domain."}

{"answer": "10,15", "explanation": "$a->amount is 10 and $c->amount is 15 (10+5), so the concatenation outputs 10,15."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "remove('a') throws DomainException when only one item remains, so unset is never reached and the item stays in the array."}

{"answer": "hi", "explanation": "The code instantiates class C and calls its hi() method, which returns the string 'hi', then echoes it."}

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"The lazy ghost object is initially uninitialized (prints 'yes'), then accessing $o->v triggers the materialization callback which sets v=21 and initializes the object (prints 'no')."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "AbstractGuardAuthenticator was removed in Symfony 6.0, so it does not exist in Symfony 8.1 and class_exists() returns false."}

{"answer": "no yes", "explanation": "In Symfony 8.1, AnnotationClassLoader was removed (it was deprecated since 4.1 and scheduled for removal), while AttributeClassLoader remains the current routing loader, so the first check is false and the second is true."}