Карта знаний PHP — bonsai-2:27b, run-25 · think: low

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Double-quoted strings support variable interpolation and many escape sequences, while single-quoted strings do not except for \\$ and \\'."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The null coalescing operator uses isset-like evaluation, so undefined variables do not generate warnings."}

{"answer": "ab", "explanation": "The echo function outputs the arguments in sequence without separating them with spaces."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, print returns the integer 1 and can be used within an expression." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Elvis operator returns the left operand when it is truthy, and the right operand when it is falsy."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP 8, binary + and - have higher precedence than the concatenation operator ."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, the ** operator is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 512, not 64."}

{"answer": "sum: 5", "explanation": "In PHP, addition has higher precedence than concatenation, so 2 + 3 is evaluated first and concatenated with 'sum: '."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, strict array comparison (===) requires elements to have the same keys/values and the same order."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The expression 0 == false uses loose comparison in PHP and returns true, not false."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP 8, comparing 0 to the non-numeric string \"abc\" uses string comparison, so \"0\" == \"abc\" is false."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP loose comparison, null is considered equal to 0, \"\", and false."}

{"answer": 42, "explanation": "PHP casts a string to an integer by taking the leading numeric portion until it hits a non-numeric character."}

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "In PHP, the numeric string '5' is converted to the integer 5 and then added to 5, resulting in 10."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, casting false to a string results in an empty string, not \"0\"."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, 0.1 + 0.2 does not equal 0.3 exactly due to floating-point representation, so the strict comparison is false." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strrev() reverses the string byte by byte, not by UTF-8 characters, so it can corrupt multibyte UTF-8 sequences."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "str_contains returns true because 'world' appears in 'Hello world'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "str_pad() supports left, right, or both sides padding via its $pad_type parameter (STR_PAD_LEFT, STR_PAD_RIGHT, or STR_PAD_BOTH)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, PHP's trim() strips whitespace including spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, and other whitespace characters."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The UTF-8 string 'héllo' contains the byte sequence h (1 byte), é (2 bytes), l (1 byte), l (1 byte), and o (1 byte), totaling 6 bytes."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "def", ⏎   "explanation": "A negative start count in substr() counts backward from the end of the string." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ucfirst() returns a new string with the first character uppercased and does not modify the original string in place."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP variable interpolation is supported in heredoc but not in nowdoc."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"sort() sorts values and reindexes numeric keys, so it does not preserve key-to-value associations."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP coerces numeric string array keys like '5' to their integer equivalent." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"in_array() uses loose comparison by default; strict comparison requires the third argument to be set to true."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Without a callback, array_filter() removes all falsy values from the array." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, array_slice() does not preserve keys and reindexes numeric keys."}

{"answer": "[20, 30]", "explanation": "array_slice returns elements starting at offset 1 with length 2, which are 20 and 30."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The + operator keeps the left array's value for duplicate keys and adds non-duplicate keys from the right array."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.1 added array-context spread that can unpack associative arrays, preserving string keys."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP does not allow named arguments and the spread operator (argument unpacking) to be used together in the same function call."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP closures capture variables from the outer scope by value by default, even without an explicit use clause."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments actually passed to the function." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions have a body consisting of a single expression, not multiple statements in curly braces."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP arrow functions automatically capture enclosing-scope variables by reference, so they read the variable's current value when called."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a static closure explicitly declared with `static function () {}` does not implicitly capture `$this`, unlike a non-static closure defined in an instance context."}

{"answer":5,"explanation":"The closure captures $x by value, so it returns the captured value 5 rather than the later value 7."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In weak typing mode, PHP coerces numeric strings like \"5\" to int parameters."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.0 introduced constructor property promotion, allowing parameters like `private int $x` to become class properties automatically."}

{"answer": "final", "explanation": "The 'final' keyword in PHP prevents a method (or class) from being overridden in subclasses."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a method declared with the 'final' keyword explicitly prevents it from being overridden in a subclass."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, private properties are accessible only within the class where they are defined, not in subclasses." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "Class", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP anonymous-class names use the prefix Class before the NUL separator and file/line suffix." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Private methods are not inherited and are outside the inheritance contract, so a child class can define a method with the same name at any visibility."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "__get() is also called for inaccessible properties, not only non-existent ones."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Error", ⏎   "explanation": "Reassigning a readonly property in PHP throws an Error." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, interfaces can declare public constants."}

{"answer": "instanceof", "explanation": "In PHP, the instanceof operator checks if an object is an instance of a given class or interface."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, interfaces cannot declare static methods." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's instanceof operator also checks whether an object implements an interface."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, interface methods are abstract and cannot contain a default implementation, unlike trait methods."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, abstract methods can be declared as public or protected, but not private."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Foo::cases() returns an array of all cases in the enum, which has three cases: A, B, and C."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, traits can define constants."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface, making it their common ancestor."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"TypeError extends Error (not Exception); both are siblings under Throwable, so a catch(Exception) block will not catch TypeError."}

{"answer":"false","explanation":"In PHP, the @ operator suppresses errors/warnings but does not suppress exceptions."}

{"answer": "DivisionByZeroError", "explanation": "intdiv() throws a DivisionByZeroError when the divisor is zero."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, the finally block executes after the try/catch block regardless of whether an exception was thrown or caught." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An exception thrown in a finally block does affect execution; it propagates after the try/catch handling has occurred."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Casting any object to a boolean in PHP always produces true."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, functions registered with register_shutdown_function() are called when the script terminates normally, including when exit() is called."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The PHP `use` statement only creates a compile-time alias for a class name and does not trigger any file loading; the actual class file is loaded by an autoloader (e.g., spl_autoload_register or Composer's autoloader) when the class is first referenced at runtime."}

{"answer": "function", "explanation": "In PHP, `use function` is used to import a function from a namespace, while `use const` imports a constant."}

{"answer":"Controller/Api/UserController.php","explanation":"The PSR-4 prefix 'App\\' maps to src/, so the remaining namespace parts Controller\\Api and class name UserController become the relative path Controller/Api/UserController.php under src/."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Composer's generated vendor/autoload.php instantiates and registers autoloader classes (NamespaceAutoloader and ClassMapAutoloader) that call spl_autoload_register() internally to hook into PHP's autoloading mechanism."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The __NAMESPACE__ magic constant returns the current namespace name when in a namespace." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Unqualified class names in new are first resolved in the current namespace, then fall back to the global namespace."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PSR-4 converts the namespace App\\Model\\User into the file path src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, the use statement is a compile-time construct that can only appear at the top level of a file (after the namespace declaration) or inside a class declaration; it is not valid inside a function body."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default, PHP arrays are copied on assignment rather than passed by reference."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "Arrays are copied by value in PHP, so modifying $b does not change $a."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, global variables are not automatically accessible inside functions and must be accessed with global, $GLOBALS, or passed as parameters." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "unset($GLOBALS['x']) removes the variable from the global scope entirely, not just for the current function."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The function receives $n by reference, increments it, and then it is printed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A by-value foreach iterates over a snapshot/copy of the array, so changes made to the array during the loop are not visible in that pass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A static property belongs to the class itself, not to each instance separately, so changes made through one instance are visible in all other instances."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP coerces boolean array keys to integers, so a true key is stored as the integer key 1, not as a boolean." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A generator may end with a return value, and PHP exposes it through the Generator::getReturn() method."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, once a generator is fully consumed (exhausted), it cannot be rewound with rewind(); attempting to do so throws an exception and the generator's internal state is lost."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, yield from delegates traversal to another generator or iterable."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Generator", ⏎   "explanation": "Calling a generator function returns a Generator object, and get_class returns its class name." ⏎ }

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The generator yields three values, so iterator_to_array creates an array with three elements."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SPLStack implements a LIFO stack, not a FIFO queue."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP's ArrayIterator wraps an array and lets you traverse it using the Iterator interface."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject implements Iterator, so it can be traversed with foreach."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "password_hash() automatically generates and stores the salt, so you do not pass one separately." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PASSWORD_DEFAULT uses the default password hashing algorithm in PHP, which is not MD5 and typically uses a strong algorithm like bcrypt."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_verify returns true when the provided password matches the password hash."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strip_tags() removes HTML tags and does not protect against SQL injection."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Calling session_regenerate_id() after login creates a new session ID, helping prevent an attacker from using a previously obtained session ID to hijack the session."}

{"answer":"php_sapi_name()","explanation":"The built-in PHP function php_sapi_name() returns the current SAPI name (e.g. 'cli', 'fpm-fcgi', 'apache2handler')."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "session_destroy() removes the server-side session data but does not automatically delete the session cookie in the browser." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The $_SESSION array is only populated with session data after a session has been started, such as with session_start()." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP has no built-in array_find() function, so it was not introduced in any PHP version."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.4 introduced property hooks that can be declared directly in a property's declaration."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric property access, allowing a property to be public for reading but private for writing."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "8.4", ⏎   "explanation": "The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.4." ⏎ }

{"answer":"No","explanation":"PHP does not have a pipe operator |>, so no PHP version introduced it."}

{"answer": "none", "explanation": "The \"clone-with\" syntax clone($obj, ['x' => 1]) with a properties array as a second argument does not exist in any PHP version."}

{"answer": "none", "explanation": "array_first() and array_last() are not built-in PHP functions in any PHP version; they do not exist in the PHP standard library."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "RFC Partial Function Application v2 was adopted for PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "8.1", "explanation": "The clamp() function from the PHP RFC was introduced in PHP 8.1."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "RFC Context Managers v2 was accepted into PHP before that date." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The RFC was formally declined in 2026."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The ZTS-by-default RFC was accepted before the stated November 2026 date."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.5 does not include built-in generics or parameterized types."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Since PHP 8.6's GA date is later than 2026-11-07, PHP 8.5 would still be the latest stable release on that date."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP 6 was never released, and PHP 7.0 followed the 5.x series." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The RFC for the #[\\Deprecated] attribute was rejected, as the community decided the existing trigger_deprecation() mechanism was sufficient and an attribute would be too opinionated."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Clean and onion architectures enforce the dependency rule, where dependencies point inward so inner layers are unaware of outer layers."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Domain entities should be framework-agnostic pure PHP classes, depending only on the language and standard library to maintain clean separation of concerns in DDD/Clean Architecture."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates belong to the presentation layer, not the business-logic layer." ⏎ }

{"answer":"Domain","explanation":"The domain layer containing core business rules sits at the center of onion architecture."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A tool like deptrac can analyze code dependencies and fail when a forbidden cross-layer call is detected."}

{"answer":"false","explanation":"A use case should accept simple domain-level inputs or interfaces rather than framework-specific objects like an HTTP request or EntityManager, to remain decoupled and testable."}

{"answer": "Repository", "explanation": "In Domain-Driven Design, a Repository abstracts the storage mechanism behind an interface, presenting a collection of aggregates/entities as if they were in memory."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In clean architecture, database access is an infrastructure concern behind abstractions, so changing it should affect only the outer layer, not the domain or use cases."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"An aggregate in DDD is a bounded cluster of objects treated as a single unit for consistency, not merely a database table."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A Value Object is inherently immutable and defines equality based on its field values rather than object identity."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "aggregate root", ⏎   "explanation": "In DDD, the aggregate root is the entry point for external changes to an aggregate." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, repositories are defined per aggregate root, not per individual entity, to maintain aggregate consistency and transactional boundaries."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Ubiquitous language is the shared language used consistently between developers and domain experts." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "universe of discourse", ⏎   "explanation": "It is the boundary or domain over which a language is interpreted in a model, so changing it can make the same words refer to different models." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DDD generally favors rich domain models where behavior lives in the domain objects, not anemic models with logic in services."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In DDD, each bounded context has its own model, so the same concept may be represented by different classes or types in different contexts." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's DI container instantiates services lazily by default, meaning they are created when first requested."}

{"answer": "debug:router", "explanation": "The Symfony console command `debug:router` lists all registered application routes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony autowiring can automatically discover and create services based on type hints, so you don't need to manually declare every service in services.yaml."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP code, typically a PHP class, and caches the compiled output between requests."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony caches the compiled container in the dev environment and rebuilds it only when tracked files change, not on every request."}

{"answer": "APP_ENV", "explanation": "In Symfony, the APP_ENV environment variable (typically set in a .env file) determines the active application environment, such as dev, prod, or test."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony routing can only invoke public controller methods as actions, not private ones."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Interfaces do not inherently grant priority; event ordering depends on registration, priority values, or framework-specific rules rather than subscriber/listener status."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 6+ removed the legacy guard classes in favor of modern authenticator classes implementing AuthenticatorInterface."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "IsGranted", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony's IsGranted attribute restricts access by role or permission and raises a 403 AccessDenied exception if the check fails." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Voters implement custom access rules and can be used with isGranted('EDIT', $post) to authorize object-specific actions."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 7+ uses PHP attributes for validation constraints, and Doctrine ORM has moved away from annotations in favor of PHP attributes." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony automatically adds and validates a hidden CSRF token in forms by default unless it is explicitly disabled."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony performs form validation on the server during processing, regardless of whether client-side HTML5 checks pass."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "make:form", ⏎   "explanation": "The make:form command generates a Symfony FormType class." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony Security does not store the user's plain-text password in the session; it stores authentication details such as the user identifier and roles." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony 4 and later, the default configuration structure places bundle-specific config files in config/packages, with one YAML file per bundle or topic."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A committed .env with dev defaults and a non-committed .env.local for secrets is a common safe practice."}

{"answer": "debug:container", "explanation": "The Symfony command debug:container lists all registered services and their aliases in the DI container."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The container's setParameter() method is available and can technically be called from a controller, although doing so is strongly discouraged in favor of dependency injection."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In modern Symfony, services are non-public by default and must be explicitly marked public to be fetched from the container."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "A bundle does not always require a config file in config/packages; many bundles can use default configuration." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony uses the %env(VAR)% placeholder syntax to inject environment variable values into configuration files such as services.yaml."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "APP_DEBUG", ⏎   "explanation": "APP_DEBUG is the Symfony environment variable that enables debug mode, including profiler and related debugging behavior." ⏎ }

{"answer":"false","explanation":"A message can be registered with multiple handlers, and all matching handlers can process it."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The sync transport processes the message immediately in the sending process without queuing it for a separate worker."}

{"answer":"messenger:consume","explanation":"The Symfony console command messenger:consume starts a worker that processes Messenger queue messages."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Symfony Messenger, retry_strategy is configured within the configuration of each messenger transport."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default, Symfony Messenger serializes messages to JSON."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony Scheduler is designed to schedule Messenger messages so they are produced and dispatched through Symfony Messenger."}

{"answer": "database", "explanation": "Symfony's Messenger component includes a built-in 'database' transport that persists messages in database tables using Doctrine (or PDO)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Custom middleware can be added to the Messenger pipeline and positioned before or after the built-in middleware." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony major releases have not followed a strict two-year cadence; for example, Symfony 3.0 (2014), 4.0 (2017), 5.0 (2019), and 6.0 (2022) were released at irregular two-to-three year intervals, even though minor releases do occur roughly every six months (May and November)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "8.3", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.3 or higher." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7.0 removed docblock annotation support for validation and routes in favor of PHP attributes."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "AssetMapper uses importmap.php to map CSS/JS assets without requiring Node or Webpack." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 6.4 is an LTS release, so it does have long-term support."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony major releases typically remove deprecations introduced in the previous branch."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony publishes an upgrade guide for each major release to describe significant changes."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "AssetMapper", ⏎   "explanation": "The Symfony AssetMapper component manages assets and importmap without requiring Node.js or webpack." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By November 2026, Symfony 8.2 would not yet have reached release in Symfony's semi-annual release schedule."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Following the normal cycle, Symfony 8.0 is scheduled for November 2026 and Symfony 8.2 for November 2027." ⏎ }

{"answer": "8.2", "explanation": "The next version after Symfony 8.1 in the 8.x series is 8.2."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 is a minor/feature release, not a major release requiring a full rewrite."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP 8.2 is a minor update within the PHP 8 line and maintains backward compatibility with PHP 8.1, so existing code generally keeps working." ⏎ }

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "The last minor version in the Symfony 8.x branch before Symfony 9.0 is 8.4."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 does not require PHP 8.5, so upgrading to PHP 8.5 is not necessary." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony deprecations added in the 8.x branch are retained until at least the next major release, Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig's {{ }} block only allows Twig expressions (variables, filters, functions registered with the environment), not arbitrary PHP code like var_dump() or print_r()."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "By default, Twig enables automatic escaping for printed variables." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The Twig |e filter escapes a string for HTML context by default." ⏎ }

{"answer": "format_number", "explanation": "The format_number filter from twig/intl-extra formats a number according to a specified locale."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The |raw filter outputs the value without auto-escaping." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Twig, {{ }} outputs the result of an expression, while {% %} is used for tags like conditions, loops, and assignments."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig allows you to declare variables inside a template, for example using {% set %}."}

{"answer": "dump", "explanation": "The dump() Twig function displays the debug structure of a variable such as an array or object, similar to PHP's var_dump()."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap is primarily a front-end CSS/JS library providing reusable UI components and utilities, not a single-page application framework."}

{"answer": "container", "explanation": "The .container class creates a responsive container with a fixed max-width at each breakpoint in Bootstrap."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The Bootstrap grid traditionally splits a row into 12 columns, not 16." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Bootstrap's standard named breakpoint prefixes are sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The numeric suffix indexes the spacing scale, which is generated from the base spacing unit."}

{"answer": "data-bs-toggle", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 uses the data-bs-toggle attribute to enable interactive components such as dropdowns on an element."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 removed its jQuery dependency and provides components powered by vanilla JavaScript."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, dark mode is enabled by adding the data-bs-theme=\"dark\" attribute to the root element, not by applying a .dark class to it." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Doctrine ORM does not automatically create database tables at runtime when entities are first used; schema creation or migration tools must be run separately." ⏎ }

{"answer": "persist", "explanation": "The persist() method marks an object as managed by the EntityManager without issuing any SQL until flush() is called."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In Doctrine ORM 3, EntityManager::merge() exists and makes the passed object managed." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "DQL (Domain Query Language) in Doctrine ORM is designed to work with the object model, referencing entity class aliases and their mapped properties/fields rather than physical database table and column names."}

{"answer": "null", "explanation": "When the requested record is not found, find() returns null."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default DoctrineBundle enables auto_flush, so it calls flush() on the EntityManager at the end of each request."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A managed entity is tracked by the Unit of Work, so property changes are detected and flushed without needing persist()."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "remove() only marks the entity for deletion; the SQL DELETE runs when flush() is called."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PostgreSQL's MVCC generally allows concurrent reads and writes, so readers do not block writers and writers do not block readers." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "EXPLAIN", ⏎   "explanation": "The EXPLAIN SQL command displays a query's execution plan without actually executing it." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"SERIAL is a PostgreSQL convenience shorthand that creates a sequence-backed column, while GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY is the standard SQL identity-column mechanism."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "By default, PostgreSQL treats NULL values as distinct in UNIQUE constraints, so multiple rows can have NULL in the column." ⏎ }

{"answer": "string_agg", "explanation": "PostgreSQL's string_agg() aggregates strings using an optional separator."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Plain VACUUM reclaims space for reuse within the database, but only VACUUM FULL returns unused space to the operating system."}

{"answer": "PARTITION BY", "explanation": "In a window function definition, the PARTITION BY clause divides rows into groups (partitions) over which the window function is computed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "READ COMMITTED does not guarantee consistent re-reads, so a transaction can see different values on repeated reads if another transaction commits changes."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PostgreSQL's default autocommit mode, each SQL statement runs in its own implicit transaction unless an explicit transaction is started."}

{"answer": "COMMIT", "explanation": "COMMIT is the SQL command that finalizes a transaction, permanently saving all changes made during the transaction."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Indexes can also improve the speed of UPDATE and DELETE operations when they filter or search on an indexed column."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"SAVEPOINT (used with ROLLBACK TO <savepoint>) allows you to roll back only a portion of a transaction rather than the entire transaction."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the query to analyze actual performance, while plain EXPLAIN shows the plan without execution."}

{"answer": "pgvector", "explanation": "pgvector is a PostgreSQL extension that adds vector types and indexes for embedding search."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A partial index indexes only the rows that satisfy the specified WHERE condition."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE using snapshot isolation plus SSI conflict detection, not by locking read rows." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP status 201 'Created' indicates that the request successfully resulted in the creation of a new resource."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP status 204 No Content indicates success with an empty response body."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The HTTP specification defines DELETE as idempotent, so repeating it on the same resource has no further effect, though the response may differ if the resource is already gone."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is sent by the server, not the client, to permit a client to access the resource cross-origin." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP 429 indicates the client has made too many requests in a given period and should slow down."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server errors." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "Content-Type", ⏎   "explanation": "The Content-Type header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"RFC 5789 defines PATCH as delta-based modification and explicitly says it is not required to be idempotent, whereas PUT is idempotent."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Use a timing-safe comparison such as PHP's password_verify() instead of a plain == comparison."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "CSRF tokens are typically generated by the server, associated with the session, and validated server-side for state-changing requests."}

{"answer":"Content-Security-Policy","explanation":"The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header defines and enforces the CSP policy."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "OAuth 2.0 is an authorization framework, not an authentication protocol; it grants access tokens that authorize access to resources, while OpenID Connect (built on top of OAuth 2.0) handles authentication and identity."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "XSS prevention primarily requires safe output encoding or escaping, not only server-side input validation before storage." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "code", ⏎   "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, the authorization code is returned to the redirect_uri and exchanged at the token endpoint for an access token." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Refresh tokens are intended to have a longer lifetime and can be used to request new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A password salt does not need to be secret and is usually stored with the hash."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit discovers test methods in classes that extend PHPUnit\\Framework\\TestCase."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHPUnit, setUp() runs before each test method, not once for the whole class; setUpClass() runs once per class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A data provider allows a test to run with multiple sets of arguments, not exactly one."}

{"answer": "expectException", "explanation": "expectException() is the PHPUnit method used to declare an expectation that an exception of the given class will be thrown during the test execution."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "It is reversed: a mock verifies which methods were called with specific arguments, while a stub simply returns data without verifying interactions."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHPUnit 10+, the #[DataProvider] attribute is the supported/recommended way to provide test data, while the legacy @dataProvider annotation is deprecated/removed in favor of attributes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHPUnit supports test dependencies using the @depends annotation or Depends attribute."}

{"answer":"--random-order","explanation":"The --random-order option randomizes the order in which PHPUnit tests are executed."}

{"answer": "3-3", "explanation": "intdiv(7, 2) is 3 and intdiv(-7, 2) is -3, and concatenating them gives the string 3-3."}

{"answer": "-9", "explanation": "In PHP, the `**` operator has higher precedence than the unary minus, so `-3 ** 2` is evaluated as `-(3 ** 2)` which equals `-9`."}

{"answer":"true","explanation":"PHP compares the numeric strings '1e1' and '10' as equal, so the ternary outputs 'true'."}

{"answer": "other", "explanation": "The switch compares 'a' loosely to 0, which is false, so the default case runs."}

{"answer": "2c", "explanation": "strtr() with an array replaces the longest matching substring first, so \"ab\" becomes \"2\" and the final \"c\" remains."}

{"answer": "[hello]", "explanation": "substr() with a negative start that goes before the beginning of the string starts at the beginning, so it returns 'hello'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "k,n,m", ⏎   "explanation": "The + operator keeps left-array values for duplicate keys, so the resulting keys are k, n, and m." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yxz","explanation":"The arrays are sorted by the third element, yielding the letters y, x, z when joined."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 4, ⏎   "explanation": "Array spread with string keys passes named arguments, so $a=5 and $b=1." ⏎ }

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The first-class callable keeps a reference to the P object, so $f() still returns $this->v after $p is set to null."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "B", ⏎   "explanation": "static::class uses late static binding, so it returns the class from which the method was actually called, which is B." ⏎ }

{"answer":10,"explanation":"The set accessor stores $value * 2 in the underlying property, and reading it without a getter returns 10."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "BA", ⏎   "explanation": "TB::f insteadof TA makes f return 'B', and TA::f as g aliases TA's f to g, returning 'A'." ⏎ }

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The return statement in the finally block overrides the return value from the try block."}

{"answer": "second", "explanation": "The RuntimeException in the inner try is superseded by the LogicException thrown in the inner finally block, which propagates to the outer catch(LogicException) handler that prints its message \"second\"."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "App\\Foo|Baz", ⏎   "explanation": "Baz::class resolves to the imported class App\\Foo, while \\Baz::class refers to the global namespace name Baz." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yesyes","explanation":"class_exists() resolves the unqualified Foo in the current Ns namespace, and __NAMESPACE__.\\'Foo' is also the existing Ns\\Foo class."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "1,2,99", ⏎   "explanation": "The foreach loop makes $v a reference to the last array element, so assigning 99 to $v changes $a[2]." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The static variable is shared for the inherited method, so the calls increment the same counter to 1, 2, and 3." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 11, ⏎   "explanation": "The first send(10) assigns 10 to $x, then the generator returns $x + 1, which is 11." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "1,2,ok", ⏎   "explanation": "yield from passes along the yielded values and then assigns inner()'s return value 'ok' to $r, which is yielded next." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "noyes", ⏎   "explanation": "The first check uses the same algorithm and cost so it returns false, while the second check requests a higher cost so it returns true." ⏎ }

{"answer":"strict-out","explanation":"PHP 8.5 no longer includes the deprecated E_STRICT bit (2048) in E_ALL, so the bitwise AND is 0."}

{"answer":"mapped","explanation":"Symfony normalizes the HTTP_X_TOKEN header into the X-Token header name, so the comparison succeeds."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "BCA", ⏎   "explanation": "Listeners are dispatched in descending priority order, so priority 10, 5, and then 0 run." ⏎ }

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Doctrine’s EntityManager identity map returns the same instance for repeated find() calls of an existing entity."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Removing the entity before flush cancels the pending persist action, so no row is inserted into users."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "COUNT(x) counts only non-NULL values in the column, so the single non-NULL value 1 is counted."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "10,30,60", ⏎   "explanation": "The window sum computes cumulative sums of x by id, and string_agg joins them as 10,30,60." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "M1M2", ⏎   "explanation": "The middlewares run in the given order, each echoing its tag before calling the next middleware." ⏎ }

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "HandleMessageMiddleware iterates through all handlers returned by the HandlersLocator for the Ping class, calling both the first closure ($n += 1) and the second closure ($n += 10), resulting in $n = 11."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The first INSERT adds the row, and the second is ignored due to the unique constraint with ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The deferrable unique constraint is checked at transaction commit, so both duplicate rows are visible in the SELECT."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 6, ⏎   "explanation": "The unanchored filter matches both test_sum and test_sum_abs, and each method is expanded into three data-provider test cases." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "2,1", ⏎   "explanation": "The data provider yields two datasets, and the assertion passes for 1 but fails for -1." ⏎ }

{"answer":"POST","explanation":"The curl -d option sends data using POST by default."}

{"answer": "GET", "explanation": "The -G option forces curl to send a GET request with the data appended to the query string."}

{"answer": "invalid_client", "explanation": "Per RFC 6749 Section 5.3, if the client_id is not recognized by the authorization server, the token endpoint returns the error 'invalid_client'."}

{"answer": "the query string", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 implicit grant (response_type=token), the access_token is returned as a query parameter in the redirect_uri."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "In Twig, `false|default(2)` returns `2`, and `2 * 3` is `6`."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The validator applies NotBlank to the single empty string in the array, producing one constraint violation."}

```json ⏎ {"answer": "valid", "explanation": "A TextType form with no data and no constraints passes validation, so isValid() returns true."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": "same", "explanation": "Symfony DI compiles the container and caches the service instance, so both calls to $c->get('a') return the same object."}

{"answer": "hi %name%", "explanation": "The `%greeting!%` placeholder inserts the raw value of `greeting`, leaving its own `%name%` placeholder unresolved."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 720, ⏎   "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3, the .container max-width is 720px at viewports of 992px and above." ⏎ }

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"In Bootstrap 5.3's compiled CSS, .text-danger is declared after .text-primary, so it wins for the color property."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain class depends on one Application class and one Infrastructure class, so both dependencies violate the rule that Domain may only depend on Domain." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain class depends on one Application class and two Infrastructure classes, so there are three dependency-rule violations." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "10,5", ⏎   "explanation": "Money's readonly $amount is immutable, and add creates a new Money instance, so $a remains 10 and $c is 5." ⏎ }

{"answer":1,"explanation":"remove('a') throws because there is only one item, so the item is not removed and the count remains 1."}

{"answer": "hi", "explanation": "The code instantiates class C and calls hi(), which returns the string 'hi', echoed by echo."}

{"answer": "yesno", "explanation": "The lazy ghost is still uninitialized before the property access, but accessing $o->v runs the initializer and initializes the object, so the second check is false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony removed the Guard authenticator classes in the 6.0 upgrade, so they do not exist in 8.1."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"In Symfony 8.1, AnnotationClassLoader was removed, while AttributeClassLoader still exists."}