Карта знаний PHP — bonsai-2:27b, run-23 · think: low

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Double-quoted strings support variable interpolation and escape sequences (like \\n, \\t), while single-quoted strings treat $ as a literal character and only recognize \\ and \\' as escapes, so they are processed differently."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP's null coalescing operator (??) evaluates without warnings or notices when a variable is undefined, following isset() semantics."}

{"answer": "ab", "explanation": "The echo statement concatenates and outputs the strings 'a' and 'b' without any separator."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, print is a language construct that returns 1 and can therefore be used inside an expression."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Elvis operator (?:) returns the left operand when it is truthy, and the right operand when it is falsy."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, the concatenation operator (.) has lower precedence than the + and - operators, so addition/subtraction bind more tightly."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP's ** operator is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 evaluates as 2 ** (3 ** 2), which is 512." ⏎ }

{"answer": "sum: 5", "explanation": "In PHP, the + operator has higher precedence than concatenation, so it evaluates 2 + 3 first."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Strict comparison requires arrays to have the same key/value pairs, in the same order, and the same types."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "0 == false is a loose comparison and returns true in PHP."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP 8, a non-numeric string is not compared as equal to a number, so \"abc\" == 0 is false." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP loose equality, null == 0, null == '' and null == false are all true."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 42, ⏎   "explanation": "PHP converts the string by taking the leading numeric part, so '42abc' becomes 42." ⏎ }

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "In PHP, the string '5' is cast to the integer 5 when used with the + operator, resulting in 5 + 5 = 10."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, casting false to a string produces an empty string \"\", not \"0\"."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Because of floating-point precision errors, 0.1 + 0.2 is not exactly equal to 0.3 in PHP."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strrev() reverses bytes, not characters, so it does not correctly reverse multi-byte UTF-8 strings."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The string 'Hello world' contains the substring 'world', so str_contains returns true."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"str_pad() can pad a string on the left, right, or both sides using the pad_type parameter."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, PHP's trim() removes whitespace characters, including spaces, tabs, and newlines."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 6, ⏎   "explanation": "In UTF-8, 'héllo' contains five characters, but 'é' is encoded as 2 bytes, so the total byte length is 6." ⏎ }

{"answer": "def", "explanation": "The -3 offset starts three characters from the end of the string, which is 'd'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ucfirst() returns a new string with the first character uppercased; it does not modify the original string in place."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Heredoc uses double-quote-like interpolation, while NOWDOC does not interpolate variables."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP's sort() reindexes numeric keys and does not preserve the original key-to-value associations." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, a string key that is a valid integer, such as '5', is converted to the integer key 5."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The in_array() function uses loose comparison (==) by default unless the third parameter is set to true."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default, array_filter() removes elements that are considered empty or falsy."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "By default, array_slice() does not preserve keys; you must pass the fourth parameter as true." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "[20, 30]", ⏎   "explanation": "array_slice starts at index 1 and returns the next two elements." ⏎ }

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The + operator keeps the left array's 'a' => 1 and adds the right array's 'b' => 2."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP 8.1 extended the array spread operator to allow arrays with string keys." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP does not allow mixing named arguments with the `...$args` argument unpacking syntax in the same function call."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, closures (anonymous functions) do not automatically capture variables from the enclosing scope; they require the `use` keyword to explicitly reference outer variables."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments actually passed to the calling function, so f(1, 2, 3) returns 3." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "An arrow function's body must be a single expression, not multiple expressions in curly braces." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions capture outer variables by value, not by reference, and not lazily at call time."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A static closure has no $this binding, so it does not capture $this."}

{"answer": 5, "explanation": "use captures variables by value by default, so the closure keeps the original value of $x."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP weak typing mode, the numeric string \"5\" is coerced to the integer 5 when passed to an int parameter."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.0+ supports constructor property promotion by declaring parameters directly with visibility modifiers like private in the constructor signature."}

{"answer": "final", "explanation": "In PHP, the final keyword prevents a method from being overridden in a subclass."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a final method cannot be overridden by a subclass."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Private properties are only accessible within the class where they are declared and cannot be accessed from a subclass."}

{"answer":"class","explanation":"The anonymous class name starts with 'class' before the NUL byte."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Private methods are not inherited and do not constrain a child class, so the child can define a same-named method with any visibility."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "__get() is called for non-existent or inaccessible properties (e.g., private or protected), not only non-existent ones."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Error", ⏎   "explanation": "Reassigning a readonly property throws a TypeError, which is a subclass of Error in PHP." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, an interface may declare public constants, but it cannot define method implementations or properties."}

{"answer": "instanceof", "explanation": "The instanceof operator checks if an object is an instance of a given class or interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Since PHP 8.3, interfaces can declare abstract static methods."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The instanceof operator in PHP checks both class inheritance and interface implementation."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, interface methods must be abstract and cannot have a method body or default implementation, unlike trait methods which can be concrete."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, abstract methods can be declared as either public or protected, but not private."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "PHP's Foo::cases() returns one array element for each enum case, and this enum has three cases."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, traits can declare constants as well as methods and properties." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, both Exception and Error implement the Throwable interface."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "TypeError inherits from Error, not Exception, so it is not caught by catch (Exception $e)." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The @ operator only suppresses errors and notices, not exceptions."}

{"answer":"DivisionByZeroError","explanation":"intdiv() throws DivisionByZeroError when the divisor is zero."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, a finally block executes regardless of whether an exception is thrown or caught." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "false", ⏎   "explanation": "An exception thrown in a finally block propagates outward and can override the try/catch flow." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, objects evaluate to true when cast to boolean." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Shutdown functions registered with register_shutdown_function() are executed when the script terminates normally, including when exit() is called."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The use statement only creates an alias and does not load the class file by itself."}

{"answer": "function", "explanation": "In PHP, `use function` is used to import a function from another namespace."}

{"answer": "Controller/Api/UserController.php", "explanation": "PSR-4 maps the remaining namespace parts to directory names and appends .php."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Composer's vendor/autoload.php registers its autoloader(s) using spl_autoload_register()." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, the __NAMESPACE__ magic constant returns the current namespace name (or null in global scope)."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Unqualified class names in new are resolved in the current namespace first, then fall back to the global namespace."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Under PSR-4, the App\\ namespace maps to src/, so App\\Model\\User resolves to src/Model/User.php."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A PHP use import can be written inside a function body and is scoped to that function only."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, assigning an array to another variable creates a copy by value unless reference semantics are explicitly used." ⏎ }

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "Arrays in PHP are copied by value on assignment, so modifying $b does not change $a."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, function scope is separate, so global variables must be accessed with global, $GLOBALS, or passed in."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "unset($GLOBALS['x']) removes the global variable $x from the global scope entirely, not just within that function."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The variable $n is passed by reference and incremented to 6."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's foreach by value iterates over a copy of the array, so changes made to the original array during the loop are not reflected in the current iteration pass."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Static properties belong to the class and are shared among all instances." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, boolean keys in arrays are cast to integers (true becomes 1, false becomes 0), so the key is stored as an int, not a bool."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a generator can end with `return value`, and the value can be retrieved with `Generator::getReturn()` after the generator is exhausted."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, a fully consumed generator can be rewound with rewind() and iterated again." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The yield from construct delegates yielding to another generator or iterable." ⏎ }

{"answer": "Generator", "explanation": "g() returns a Generator object because it uses yield, and get_class() returns the class name of that object."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "iterator_to_array converts the generator yielding 1, 2, and 3 into an array with three elements."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SplStack implements a LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) stack, not a FIFO queue; a FIFO queue would be implemented by SplQueue."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "ArrayIterator is a PHP Iterator implementation that wraps an array and allows traversing its elements."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject implements the Iterator interface, so it can be traversed with foreach."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_hash() automatically generates and embeds the salt, so a separate salt parameter is not used or needed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PASSWORD_DEFAULT is the best available algorithm, not md5 with an automatically added salt."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"It returns true because the password matches the generated hash."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strip_tags() removes HTML tags, not SQL injection."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"session_regenerate_id() changes the session ID after authentication, which helps prevent session fixation attacks."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "php_sapi_name", ⏎   "explanation": "php_sapi_name() returns the current PHP SAPI name, such as cli." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_destroy() removes server-side session data, but the session cookie must be deleted separately in the browser."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The $_SESSION array is not automatically populated with session data until session_start() has been called."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "8.1", ⏎   "explanation": "The array_find() function was introduced in PHP 8.1." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Property hooks (inline get/set in property declarations) were introduced in PHP 8.4.0."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Asymmetric visibility was added in PHP 8.4." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute does not exist in any PHP version; it is not a recognized PHP attribute."}

{"answer": 8.5, "explanation": "The pipe operator |> was first introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer": "8.1", "explanation": "The clone-with syntax (clone($obj, ['x' => 1])) was introduced in PHP 8.1, allowing arguments to be passed to the __clone method."}

{"answer":"7.3","explanation":"array_first() and array_last() were added in PHP 7.3."}

{"answer": "8.5", "explanation": "The Partial Function Application v2 RFC was accepted for PHP 8.5."}

{"answer": "8.1", "explanation": "The clamp() function was introduced via the clamp_v2 RFC in PHP 8.1."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Context Managers v2 had already been accepted into the PHP RFC process by that date."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The RFC is recorded as having been declined in 2026."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The ZTS-by-default RFC was accepted as part of the PHP 9.0 roadmap."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP 8.5 does not support generics or parameterized types in its type system." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "As of 2026-11-07, PHP 8.5 had not yet reached GA, so the latest stable version would have been PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP skipped version 6 entirely, going directly from 5.6 to 7.0."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The RFC to add the #[\\Deprecated] attribute to PHP core was adopted." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Clean and onion architecture require dependencies to point inward, so inner layers do not depend on outer layers." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Domain entities should remain pure PHP objects and must not depend on framework or ORM packages."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates are part of the presentation layer, not the business-logic layer." ⏎ }

{"answer": "Domain", "explanation": "In Onion Architecture, the innermost core represents the Domain, which contains the fundamental business rules and entities that are independent of any framework or outer layer."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "A static layer-dependency analyzer can detect and fail on forbidden inter-layer calls." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Use cases should depend on abstractions or domain inputs, not concrete HTTP request or EntityManager objects, to remain loosely coupled and testable."}

{"answer":"Repository","explanation":"In Domain-Driven Design, a Repository is the component that provides a collection of aggregates/objects while hiding the storage mechanism behind an interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In clean architecture, dependencies point inward, so database-specific implementations live in the outer adapter/infrastructure layer, keeping the domain and use-case layers independent of the storage technology."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In DDD, an aggregate is a domain object cluster, not necessarily a database table." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Value Objects are typically immutable and use value-based equality rather than object identity."}

{"answer":"Aggregate root","explanation":"In Domain-Driven Design, the aggregate root is the single external entry point for making changes to an aggregate."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In DDD, repositories are typically defined for aggregate roots to maintain aggregate integrity."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Ubiquitous language is the shared language used by developers and domain experts to describe the domain."}

{"answer": "domain of discourse", "explanation": "It is the bounded set over which the model interprets the language."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"DDD generally favors rich domain models that encapsulate behavior, rather than anemic models with logic in services."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, each bounded context has its own model, so the same concept can be represented as different classes in different contexts."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony’s dependency injection container loads services lazily by default, creating them on first use."}

{"answer": "router:info", "explanation": "The Symfony console command `router:info` (invoked as `php bin/console router:info` or `symfony router:info`) lists all registered routes along with their matching patterns and requirements."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony can auto-discover and configure many services, so you do not have to manually declare every service." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP code, typically class-based, and caches the compiled output for reuse between requests."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony's development container is cached and rebuilt only when its tracked files or configuration change."}

{"answer": "APP_ENV", "explanation": "Symfony selects the active environment (such as dev or prod) using the APP_ENV environment variable."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony route actions must be public methods, so private controller actions are not supported."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "There is no built-in rule that subscribers always run before listeners; execution order depends on listener priority and registration." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony 6.0+ uses AuthenticatorInterface-based security components, and the old Guard system was removed."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "IsGrantedAttribute", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony's IsGrantedAttribute checks required roles or permissions and returns a 403 error if access is denied." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In Symfony, Voter classes are used to grant or deny access to specific objects or attributes, such as with isGranted('EDIT', $post)." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony 7 uses PHP attributes for validation/ORM mapping and the old Doctrine annotation syntax is no longer supported."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony forms include and validate a CSRF token by default on submission." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony always performs form validation on the server side when the form is submitted, regardless of client-side validation." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "php bin/console maker:form", ⏎   "explanation": "The Symfony maker command for generating a form class is `maker:form`." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony does not store plain-text passwords in the session; it uses hashed credentials and authentication tokens."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In modern Symfony (4+), bundle configurations are organized as one YAML file per bundle in the config/packages/ directory, e.g., config/packages/mailer.yml or config/packages/monolog.yml."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A committed .env with safe defaults and a local, ignored .env.local for secrets is a common practice."}

{"answer":"debug:container","explanation":"The `bin/console debug:container` command lists all registered services and their aliases in the Symfony DI container."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony’s container interface provides setParameter(), so injected or obtained containers can change parameters at runtime."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Since Symfony 3.4 (and by default in Symfony 4+), services are private (public: false) and must be explicitly marked as public to be fetchable directly from the container."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "A bundle does not always need a configuration file in config/packages; many can use default settings without explicit configuration." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony, %env(VAR)% is used to inject environment variable values into configuration files such as services.yaml."}

{"answer":"APP_DEBUG","explanation":"APP_DEBUG controls Symfony debug mode, affecting features like the profiler and Twig debugging."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony Messenger allows a single message to be handled by multiple handlers." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The sync transport dispatches messages immediately in the same process instead of queuing them for a worker."}

{"answer": "messenger:consume", "explanation": "In Symfony, the messenger:consume command starts the worker that processes Messenger queue messages."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony Messenger, retry_strategy is a per-transport transport configuration option."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"By default, Messenger uses JSON for serializing messages."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony Scheduler schedules messages to be dispatched through Symfony Messenger when their scheduled time is reached." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "DatabaseTransport", ⏎   "explanation": "The Symfony Messenger DatabaseTransport uses Doctrine to persist messages in database tables." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger allows adding custom middleware and configuring their order relative to built-in middleware."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony’s release policy is major releases every two years and minor releases every six months in May and November." ⏎ }

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.4 or higher."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7.0 removed legacy docblock annotation support in favor of PHP attributes."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "AssetMapper is a PHP library that bundles CSS/JS assets and generates importmaps without requiring Node.js or webpack."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 6.4 is an LTS release with long-term support."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony major releases do remove deprecations introduced in the previous major version."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony provides an UPGRADE guide for each major release documenting breaking changes and migration steps."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "AssetMapperBundle", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony's AssetMapperBundle manages assets and importmap without requiring Node.js or Webpack." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"No, Symfony 8.2 is not the November 2026 release under the standard six-month Symfony schedule."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "8.2", ⏎   "explanation": "The immediate successor to Symfony 8.1 in the release sequence is 8.2." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 is a minor point release, not a major release, and Symfony upgrades generally do not require rewriting an entire application."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP maintains backward compatibility within a major version series, so upgrading from 8.1 to 8.2 (a minor update within the 8.x major branch) will not require code changes."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "8.4", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 8.4 is the final 8.x minor release before Symfony 9.0." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 8.2’s minimum PHP requirement is PHP 8.5, so PHP must be upgraded if needed." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Deprecations introduced in the 8.x branch remain active throughout all 8.x releases and are only removed in Symfony 9.0, so they will not be removed before 9.0."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig's {{ }} syntax is designed for safe expression output, not direct arbitrary PHP code execution."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig enables auto-escaping of printed variables by default to help prevent XSS attacks."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The Twig |e filter performs HTML escaping by default for safe HTML output."}

{"answer": "number_format", "explanation": "The twig/intl-extra number_format filter formats a number according to a locale."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In Twig, the raw filter disables HTML auto-escaping for the value." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In Twig, {{ }} outputs an expression value, while {% %} executes template tags such as conditions, loops, and set." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig allows you to declare or update variables inside a template using the set tag."}

{"answer":"dump","explanation":"The dump function displays the debug structure of a variable."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap provides ready-made UI components with CSS/JS and is not a single-page application framework."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "container", ⏎   "explanation": "Bootstrap's .container class provides a responsive, centered container with breakpoint-specific max widths." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Bootstrap grid is based on a 12-column layout, not 16 columns, and modern versions use flexbox rather than CSS floats."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, the breakpoint suffixes used in class names (e.g., d-sm-block, p-md-3) are sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl, totaling five; xs is the base/default and is not used as an infix."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Spacing utilities use Tailwind's spacing scale, where the number represents a multiple of the base spacing value."}

{"answer": "data-bs-toggle", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, the data-bs-toggle attribute (e.g., data-bs-toggle=\"dropdown\") is used to enable interactive components on an element."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 does not require jQuery and uses vanilla JavaScript for its components." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Bootstrap 5 dark mode is enabled with the data-bs-theme=\"dark\" attribute, not a .dark class on the root element."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine ORM does not create database tables automatically on first use; you must generate the schema using a tool such as doctrine:orm:schema:update or migrations."}

{"answer": "persist()", "explanation": "In Doctrine ORM, EntityManager::persist() registers an entity as managed (pending insertion) without issuing SQL; the SQL is only executed on flush()."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Doctrine ORM 3, EntityManager::merge() exists and makes the passed persistent object managed by the EntityManager."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DQL targets mapped entities and their mapped properties rather than physical database tables and columns."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "null", ⏎   "explanation": "In Doctrine, find() returns null when no entity is found." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DoctrineBundle does not automatically call flush() by default; developers must explicitly invoke it to persist changes to the database."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "A managed entity's property changes are tracked by the Unit of Work and can be committed by flush()." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "remove() only marks the entity for deletion; the SQL DELETE is executed when flush() is called." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL's MVCC generally lets readers and writers run concurrently without blocking each other."}

{"answer": "EXPLAIN", "explanation": "EXPLAIN displays the query execution plan without running the query."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"They are related but not the same: SERIAL is a convenience shorthand for an integer column with a default sequence, while GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY is a standard identity column with its own attributes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, PostgreSQL treats NULL values as distinct, so a UNIQUE constraint allows multiple rows with NULL in that column."}

{"answer": "string_agg", "explanation": "PostgreSQL's string_agg() aggregate function concatenates input strings with a specified separator."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Plain VACUUM reclaims dead tuple space for reuse but does not return it to the operating system."}

{"answer": "PARTITION BY", "explanation": "In SQL window functions, the PARTITION BY clause divides the result set into partitions (groups) over which the window function is computed."}

{"answer":"false","explanation":"READ COMMITTED allows a second read to see different committed data, so it does not protect against non-repeatable reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PostgreSQL runs in autocommit mode by default, meaning each individual SQL statement is implicitly wrapped in its own transaction that is committed upon completion unless an explicit BEGIN/COMMIT block is used."}

{"answer": "COMMIT", "explanation": "COMMIT ends the current transaction and permanently saves its changes."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Indexes help locate rows efficiently, so UPDATE and DELETE operations that filter on an indexed column also benefit by avoiding full table scans."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "SAVEPOINT lets you roll back a portion of a transaction without ending the whole transaction."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"EXPLAIN ANALYZE actually executes the query to provide execution statistics in addition to the query plan."}

{"answer":"pgvector","explanation":"pgvector is the PostgreSQL extension that provides vector data types and indexes for embedding search."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A partial index in PostgreSQL includes only rows that satisfy its WHERE condition."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE using MVCC snapshots and serializable transaction management (S2) that detects serialization anomalies at commit time, rather than by acquiring locks on rows it reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP status 201 Created indicates that the request successfully created a new resource."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP 204 No Content indicates a successful request with no response body, commonly used after a DELETE."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP defines DELETE as idempotent, so repeated identical delete requests have the same overall effect."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is sent by the server (in the response), not the client, to indicate which origins are allowed to access the resource."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"HTTP status 429 indicates the client has sent too many requests in a given period, i.e., exceeded the rate limit."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The statement is reversed: 4xx codes indicate client errors and 5xx codes indicate server errors."}

{"answer": "Content-Type", "explanation": "The Content-Type HTTP header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PATCH applies partial modifications and can have cumulative effects on retries, unlike PUT, which is idempotent." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Use password_verify for password hashes because a plain == comparison can be vulnerable to timing attacks and does not properly handle PHP password hash formats." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"CSRF tokens are typically generated server-side, tied to the user's session, and validated by the server on state-changing requests to prevent cross-site request forgery."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Content-Security-Policy", ⏎   "explanation": "The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header is used to specify Content Security Policy directives." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"OAuth 2.0 is primarily an authorization framework, and access tokens grant access to resources rather than directly identifying the user."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "XSS must be prevented by context-aware output encoding when data is rendered, not solely by validating input before saving it." ⏎ }

{"answer":"code","explanation":"The authorization code parameter arrives at the redirect_uri and is exchanged for an access token."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Refresh tokens are designed to be long-lived and can be used to request new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A salt is not required to be secret; in modern practice (e.g., PHP's password_hash, bcrypt, argon2) the salt is stored in plaintext alongside the hash, and its purpose is to prevent rainbow-table/precomputation attacks, not to provide confidentiality."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit test classes must extend TestCase to be discovered and run."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"setUp() runs before each test, while setUpBeforeClass() runs once before all tests in the class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A data provider can yield multiple sets of arguments, each causing a separate test run."}

{"answer": "expectException", "explanation": "expectException() is the PHPUnit method used to declare that a test expects an exception of a given class to be thrown."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A stub primarily returns predefined data, while a mock can also verify method calls and expectations."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHPUnit 10+ deprecates annotation-based attributes and recommends using the #[DataProvider] PHP attribute for data provider tests."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHPUnit tests are intended to be independent and should not rely on another test's result."}

{"answer": "--random-order", "explanation": "PHPUnit uses the --random-order option to shuffle the execution order of tests."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "3-4", ⏎   "explanation": "intdiv(7, 2) is 3 and intdiv(-7, 2) is -4, so the concatenation outputs 3-4." ⏎ }

{"answer": "-9", "explanation": "In PHP, the ** operator has higher precedence than the unary minus, so -3 ** 2 is evaluated as -(3 ** 2) which equals -9."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "true", ⏎   "explanation": "Both strings are numeric, so they are compared numerically and are equal." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "other", ⏎   "explanation": "In current PHP, 'a' is not equal to 0, so the default case runs." ⏎ }

{"answer": "2c", "explanation": "strtr with an array performs a single pass and matches the longest available key, so 'ab' is replaced with '2'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "[hello]", ⏎   "explanation": "The negative offset -10 is beyond the start of the 5-character string, so PHP treats it as 0 and returns the whole string." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "k,n,m", ⏎   "explanation": "The array + operator keeps left-side values for shared keys and then appends new right-side keys in insertion order." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yxz", "explanation": "The usort sorts by the third element (index 2) ascending, giving order [2,'y',1], [1,'x',2], [3,'z',2]; array_column($a, 1) extracts 'y', 'x', 'z', and implode concatenates them into 'yxz'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 4, ⏎   "explanation": "The spread call passes named arguments a=5 and b=1, so 5 - 1 is 4." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The first-class callable $f holds a reference to the original P object, so setting $p = null does not destroy it and $f() returns 3." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "B", ⏎   "explanation": "static::class returns the actual class of the object calling the method, which is B." ⏎ }

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "The property setter hook runs once and assigning to the same property inside it does not recursively trigger the hook, so $x becomes 5 * 2."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "BA", ⏎   "explanation": "TB::f insteadof TA makes f return B, and TA::f as g makes g return A." ⏎ }

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Each class using a trait has its own static property, so CY::$n remains 0."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "A return statement in a finally block overrides the return value from the try block." ⏎ }

{"answer": "second", "explanation": "The LogicException thrown in the finally block replaces the original exception and is caught by the outer catch block."}

{"answer":"App\\Foo|Baz","explanation":"Baz::class resolves to the imported App\\Foo, while \\Baz::class refers to the global class name Baz."}

{"answer":"yesyes","explanation":"class_exists('Foo') checks in the current namespace, and the fully qualified check also succeeds."}

{"answer":"1,2,99","explanation":"The by-reference foreach leaves $v referencing the last array element, so assigning to it modifies $a."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The static variable $n is per-class (belongs to class A) and shared across all calls to inc(), so after three increments it reaches 3."}

{"answer": "null", "explanation": "The first send() on an unstarted generator ignores the value and runs up to the first yield, leaving the generator suspended; getReturn() returns null because the generator hasn't finished."}

{"answer": "1,2,ok", "explanation": "yield from propagates inner's yields 1 and 2, then assigns inner's return value 'ok' to $r, which outer then yields."}

{"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "The hash was created with cost 4, so no rehash is needed for cost 4 (no), but a rehash to cost 5 is needed since it's a higher cost (yes)."}

{"answer":"strict-out","explanation":"In PHP 8.5, the strict-error bit 2048 (E_STRICT) is no longer included in E_ALL, so the bitwise AND is 0."}

{"answer":"missing","explanation":"The 6th positional argument to Request::create is $cookies, not $headers, so X-Token is not set on $r->headers."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "ABC", ⏎   "explanation": "Listeners are executed by priority descending, so the default-priority listener A runs first, then B with priority 10, then C with priority 5." ⏎ }

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Doctrine's EntityManager keeps a persistence-context identity map, so both find() calls for the same id return the same object instance."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Removing the newly persisted entity before flush cancels the pending insert, so the users table remains empty."}

1

{"answer": "10,30,60", "explanation": "The window sum produces cumulative totals 10, 30, and 60, which string_agg joins into a single comma-separated string."}

{"answer":"M1M2","explanation":"Each Trace middleware echoes its tag before calling next, so M1 executes first and then M2."}

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "HandleMessageMiddleware invokes both handlers for Ping, incrementing $n by 1 and then by 10."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 1, ⏎   "explanation": "The unique index prevents duplicate values, so both ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING statements insert nothing on conflict, leaving one row." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "The deferred uniqueness constraint allows both duplicate inserts until the transaction is committed, so SELECT count(*) returns 2." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 6, ⏎   "explanation": "The unanchored filter regex matches both test_sum and test_sum_abs, and each has three DataProvider datasets." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "2,1", ⏎   "explanation": "The data provider yields two datasets (1 and -1), so two tests run and only the second fails." ⏎ }

{"answer": "POST", "explanation": "curl's -d flag sends data in the request body, which defaults to the POST method."}

{"answer": "GET", "explanation": "The -G option tells curl to use GET instead of POST for the data sent with -d."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "invalid_client", ⏎   "explanation": "RFC 6749 returns invalid_client when the client identifier is unknown or the client cannot be authenticated." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "fragment", ⏎   "explanation": "With response_type=token (implicit grant), the authorization server returns the access token in the fragment portion of the redirect URI." ⏎ }

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "Twig's default filter treats false as undefined, so false|default(2) evaluates to 2, and 2 * 3 is 6."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 1, ⏎   "explanation": "The array element '' violates the NotBlank constraint, so the validator returns one violation." ⏎ }

{"answer": "invalid", "explanation": "A newly created TextType form is required by default, so an empty form is invalid."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Symfony DI services are shared/singletons by default, so both get('a') calls return the same instance."}

{"answer": "992", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3, the .container class uses a max-width of 992px at the 'lg' breakpoint, which applies from 992px up to 1399.98px."}

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"Both utilities have the same specificity, and in Bootstrap 5.3 the .text-danger rule is defined after .text-primary, so it wins."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain-class depends on one Application class and one Infrastructure class, and Domain is allowed to depend only on Domain." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain class depends on one Application class and two Infrastructure classes, and the rule allows Domain to depend only on Domain." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "10,15", ⏎   "explanation": "The readonly amount property is never mutated, so $a remains 10 and $c is a new Money object with amount 15." ⏎ }

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The remove method throws an exception because there is only one item, so the item is never removed."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "hi", ⏎   "explanation": "The object is created, its hi() method returns the string 'hi', and echo prints it." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"The lazy ghost is uninitialized before reading $v; accessing $v initializes it, so the second check is false."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "AbstractGuardAuthenticator was removed long before Symfony 8.1, so class_exists returns false."}

{"answer":"no no","explanation":"Both legacy routing loader classes were removed in Symfony 8.0, so both `class_exists` checks are false."}