Карта знаний PHP — bonsai-2:27b, run-22 · think: low

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Double-quoted strings allow variable interpolation and escape sequences, while single-quoted strings generally do not."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The ?? operator suppresses notices/warnings for undefined variables and behaves like isset in deciding when to use a default."}

{"answer": "ab", "explanation": "The echo statement in PHP accepts multiple expressions separated by commas, so it outputs 'a' followed by 'b'."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "print outputs its argument and returns 1, so it can be used in an expression, unlike echo."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The Elvis operator returns its left operand when it is truthy, not when it is falsy." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, the string concatenation operator (.) has lower precedence than the arithmetic + and - operators, so expressions like 1 + 2 . 3 are evaluated as (1 + 2) . 3."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, the ** operator is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 is evaluated as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 2 ** 9 = 512, not (2 ** 3) ** 2 = 64."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, === compares arrays with the same order of key/value pairs, not ignoring order."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The statement is false because == is a loose comparison and 0 == false evaluates to true."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP 8, comparing a non-numeric string to a number is done as a string comparison after converting the number to a string, so 'abc' is not equal to '0'." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In modern PHP, null is loosely equal to false/null, but not to 0 or the empty string."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 42, ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, casting a string to int takes the leading numeric value, so '42abc' becomes 42." ⏎ }

{"answer": 10, "explanation": "PHP coerces the numeric string '5' to a number before adding it to 5."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, casting false to a string results in an empty string \"\", not \"0\"." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, 0.1 + 0.2 produces a floating-point value slightly different from 0.3, so strict equality === returns false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strrev() operates byte-by-byte, so it corrupts multi-byte UTF-8 characters; use mb_strrev() instead for correct UTF-8 handling."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "str_contains performs a case-sensitive substring check, and 'world' appears in 'Hello world'."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's str_pad() can pad on the right, left, or both sides depending on the padding_type argument."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, PHP's trim() strips all whitespace characters, including spaces, tabs, newlines, carriage returns, null bytes, and vertical tabs."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The character é is encoded as 2 bytes in UTF-8, so 'héllo' contains 6 bytes total."}

{"answer":"def","explanation":"Starting at -3 takes the last three characters of the string."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP strings are passed by value, and ucfirst() returns a modified copy rather than altering the original string."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Heredoc allows variable interpolation, while nowdoc treats the content as literal and does not interpolate variables."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "sort() sorts by values and reindexes numeric keys, so it does not preserve key-to-value associations."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, array keys that are numeric strings are automatically converted to integers."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default in_array() uses non-strict comparison; strict comparison requires the third parameter to be true."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Without a callback, array_filter() removes elements that are falsy, such as 0, \"0\", \"\", null, false, and empty arrays."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, array_slice() reindexes numeric keys; preservation requires preserve_keys to be true."}

{"answer": "[20, 30]", "explanation": "array_slice starts at index 1 (value 20) and extracts 2 elements, yielding [20, 30]."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The + operator combines the arrays while preserving the left array's keys, resulting in 'a' and 'b'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP 8.1 extended the array spread operator to allow arrays with string keys." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP does not allow named arguments and the spread/unpacking operator to be mixed in the same function call."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"By default, a PHP anonymous function automatically captures variables from the outer scope."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments passed to the function, which is 3."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions only allow a single expression after the => arrow, not multiple statements in a block."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions capture outer variables by value, not by reference."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a static closure does not bind to or capture the $this object, so $this is not available inside it."}

{"answer": 5, "explanation": "The closure captures the variable $x by value at definition time, so it returns the original value 5."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In weak typing mode, PHP automatically casts the string \"5\" to the integer 5 when passed to an int parameter."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.0 and later support constructor property promotion."}

{"answer": "final", "explanation": "The final keyword marks a method as non-overridable in subclasses."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A final method cannot be overridden in a subclass."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, private properties are not accessible from a subclass."}

{"answer":"AnonymousClass","explanation":"PHP's get_class() returns the class name of an anonymous class, which is AnonymousClass."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Private parent methods are hidden from child classes, so a child can declare a separately defined method with the same name and any visibility."}

{"answer":"false","explanation":"__get() is also called for inaccessible properties, such as protected or private ones, not only nonexistent properties."}

{"answer":"Error","explanation":"In PHP, reassigning a readonly property after it has been set throws an Error (specifically a TypeError)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP interfaces can declare public constants."}

{"answer": "instanceof", "explanation": "The instanceof operator checks whether an object is an instance of a class or interface."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "An interface can declare static abstract methods, and implementing classes must implement them as static." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The instanceof operator returns true if the object is a subclass of the specified class or implements the specified interface."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP interfaces only declare method signatures and cannot include method bodies, while traits can provide default implementations."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, abstract methods can be public, protected, or private."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Foo::cases() returns one element for each enum case, and there are three cases."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, traits can declare constants."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP 7+, both Exception and Error are subtypes of the Throwable interface."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, TypeError extends LogicException, which extends Exception, so catching Exception catches TypeError as well."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The @ operator only silences certain PHP error notices/warnings/errors, not exceptions."}

{"answer": "DivisionByZeroError", "explanation": "intdiv(5, 0) throws a DivisionByZeroError when the divisor is zero."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In PHP, a finally block executes regardless of whether an exception is thrown and caught, or not caught at all, unless execution terminates abruptly."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "An exception thrown in a finally block propagates and can override or change the result of the try/catch flow." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, casting any object to boolean is considered true." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP calls registered shutdown functions when the script terminates, including via exit()."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A PHP use statement only creates an alias and does not automatically load the class file."}

{"answer":"function","explanation":"In PHP, you import a function with the `use function` statement."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Controller/Api/UserController.php", ⏎   "explanation": "The namespace App\\ maps to src/, so removing App\\ leaves Controller\\Api\\UserController, which becomes the relative file path." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Including vendor/autoload.php loads Composer's autoloader, which calls spl_autoload_register() to register the autoloaders." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The magic constant __NAMESPACE__ returns the name of the namespace in which it is used, or null if no namespace is defined."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Unqualified class names are resolved in the current namespace first, then fall back to the global namespace."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PSR-4 maps each namespace segment to a directory under the configured source path, so App\\Model\\User maps to src/Model/User.php." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A PHP use statement can be placed inside a function body, in which case the import is scoped only to that function."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, assigning an array creates a copy of the array by value."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "Arrays in PHP are copied by value when assigned, so modifying $b does not change $a."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, variables in the global scope are not directly accessible inside a function by name; you must use the global keyword, the $GLOBALS superglobal array, or pass the variable as a parameter to access it."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"unset($GLOBALS['x']) removes the variable from the global scope entirely, so it is no longer available after the function returns."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 6, ⏎   "explanation": "The parameter is passed by reference, so $n is incremented from 5 to 6." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's foreach iterates over a snapshot of the array at the start of the loop, so modifications to the array (adding, removing, or changing elements) inside the loop are not reflected during the same pass."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Static properties belong to the class and are shared among all instances, so changes in one object ARE visible in others."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP converts boolean array keys to integers, so a true key is stored as 1."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP generators, returning a value terminates the generator and that value can be accessed with getReturn()."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Once a PHP generator has been fully exhausted, it cannot be rewound and traversed again."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "yield from in PHP delegates to another generator or iterable, yielding all of its values as if they were produced by the current generator."}

{"answer": "Generator", "explanation": "Calling a generator function in PHP returns a Generator object."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The closure is a generator that yields the three elements from the array, so the converted array has three elements."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SplStack implements a LIFO (Last-In, First-Out) stack, not a FIFO queue; PHP uses SplQueue for a FIFO queue."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "ArrayIterator is PHP's built-in iterator class for arrays and implements the Iterator interface." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject implements the Traversable interface, making it directly iterable with foreach."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_hash() automatically generates and stores the salt with the hash, so you should not supply a separate salt."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PASSWORD_DEFAULT selects the default password hashing algorithm, such as bcrypt, not MD5." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "password_verify() returns true when the supplied password matches the generated hash." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "strip_tags() removes HTML/XML tags and is related to preventing XSS, not SQL injection." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_regenerate_id() regenerates the session ID, which helps prevent session fixation attacks, especially on login."}

{"answer":"php_sapi_name","explanation":"It returns the name of the SAPI in use, such as cli or cli-server."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "session_destroy() removes the session data from the server but does not delete the session cookie from the browser." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The $_SESSION superglobal is only available and populated after session_start() is called (or after a session is otherwise initiated); without it, $_SESSION is undefined."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP does not have an array_find() function in any version; it uses array_search() instead."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP 8.4 introduced property hooks, allowing get/set hooks to be declared directly in the property declaration." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric property visibility, allowing syntax like public private(set) string $name;"}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"The #[NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.4 to mark expressions whose return values must not be discarded."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP does not have a pipe operator (|>) in any released version; the premise is false."}

{"answer": 8.4, "explanation": "Clone-with appeared in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": 8.5, "explanation": "array_first() and array_last() were introduced in PHP 8.5."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"RFC Partial Function Application v2 was adopted for PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "The clamp_v2 RFC shipped with the PHP 8.4 release."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Context Managers v2 RFC is in an accepted/adopted status."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The RFC was not declined in 2026."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The ZTS-by-default RFC was accepted for PHP 8.4." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP has never implemented generics/parameterized types; none were added in PHP 8.5 either."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "As of 2026-11-07, PHP 8.5 is the latest stable release and PHP 8.6 is not yet generally available." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 6 was never released as a stable version; PHP 5.6 was followed by PHP 7.0."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The RFC to add the #[\\Deprecated] attribute to the PHP core was adopted." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Clean and onion architectures require dependencies to point inward, so inner layers must not know about or depend on outer layers."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Domain entities should remain framework-agnostic and depend only on core language features and, at most, the standard library."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates are presentation-layer components that call use cases, not business-logic components."}

{"answer": "core business logic", "explanation": "In onion architecture, the innermost layer contains the core business rules and domain logic."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A layer-dependency analyzer can statically detect and report forbidden cross-layer calls, causing the analysis to fail."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Use cases should not depend on framework-specific inputs like HTTP requests or an EntityManager; they should receive domain objects or repository interfaces instead." ⏎ }

{"answer": "Repository", "explanation": "A Repository provides a collection of entities or aggregates while abstracting away the underlying storage mechanism."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In clean architecture, database access is an outer infrastructure concern behind interfaces, so domain and use cases can remain unchanged when swapping databases."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In DDD, an aggregate is a domain modeling concept representing a cluster of entities and value objects with a shared identity and consistency boundary, not a synonym for a database table."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Value objects are defined by their attributes, are immutable, and equality is determined by field values rather than identity."}

{"answer": "aggregate root", "explanation": "In DDD, the aggregate root is the single external entry point for all changes to an aggregate."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Repositories are used to persist aggregate roots as complete aggregates, preserving invariants and identity." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In DDD, the Ubiquitous Language is the shared vocabulary used across all teams and artifacts to represent the domain, bridging developers and domain experts."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "domain", ⏎   "explanation": "In a model, the domain (or universe of discourse) is the boundary where its language is consistently interpreted, while outside it the same words may be interpreted in other models." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DDD generally favors rich domain models over anemic models with logic in services."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, bounded contexts isolate models so shared terms can be represented independently in each context."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Yes, Symfony services are normally resolved and instantiated lazily when first requested from the container." ⏎ }

{"answer": "routes:list", "explanation": "In Symfony, the 'routes:list' console command displays all registered routes in the application."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony autowiring can automatically register many services based on type hints and annotations, so not every service must be declared manually in services.yaml."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP classes and caches them to be reused across requests." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Symfony’s dev environment, the DI container is cached and only rebuilt when tracked files change or the cache is invalidated."}

{"answer": "APP_ENV", "explanation": "Symfony reads the APP_ENV environment variable to determine the active environment (e.g., dev, prod, test)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony routing invokes controller action methods, which must be public; private methods are not routable." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"There is no built-in priority rule that makes subscribers always receive events before listeners; ordering is determined by the event dispatcher’s priority settings and registration order."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 6.0 removed the old Guard classes and uses AuthenticatorInterface-based authenticators for authentication." ⏎ }

{"answer":"#[IsGranted]","explanation":"In Symfony (6.1+), the #[IsGranted] attribute placed on a controller method checks whether the authenticated user has the specified role or permission, and returns a 403 Forbidden response if they do not."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony AccessVoters are used for object-specific authorization checks like isGranted('EDIT', $post)."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Doctrine annotations can still be used in Symfony 7 if doctrine/annotations is installed and enabled, though PHP attributes are the preferred approach."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony automatically generates and validates the CSRF token in forms by default, so the statement is true."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony always re-validates form data on the server, regardless of whether client-side HTML5 validation passed, as this is a fundamental security principle."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "php bin/console maker:form", ⏎   "explanation": "The Symfony MakerBundle command maker:form generates a FormType class for a form." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony does not store passwords in plain text; passwords are hashed with a password hasher and the session normally stores user identity, not the password."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Since Symfony 4.3, the recommended layout places each bundle's or topic's configuration in a separate file under config/packages (e.g., config/packages/doctrine.yaml, config/packages/messenger.yaml)."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "This is a widely recommended best practice: a committed .env file documents required variables with safe dev defaults, while .env.local holds actual secrets and is excluded via .gitignore."}

{"answer": "debug:container", "explanation": "The debug:container command lists registered container services and their aliases."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Symfony Container class has a setParameter() method that can be called from a controller (via injected container instance), though it is only effective in non-frozen (development) mode and is generally discouraged for production use."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony, services are public by default unless explicitly marked private."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A bundle does not require a configuration file in config/packages; it may work using defaults or no configuration."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony, the %env(VAR)% syntax is used in services.yaml to inject environment variable values into the configuration."}

{"answer": "APP_DEBUG", "explanation": "The APP_DEBUG environment variable enables Symfony debug mode, which affects the profiler and Twig debugging."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger can have multiple handlers registered for the same message type."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The sync transport processes the message in-process by calling the handlers directly, rather than queueing the message for a worker to consume."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "messenger:consume", ⏎   "explanation": "This Symfony console command starts a worker to consume Messenger queue messages." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Symfony Messenger, retry_strategy is a per-transport option for handling failed messages."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger's default serializer is JSON unless another serializer is configured."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Symfony Scheduler creates scheduled messages and sends them through the Messenger dispatcher."}

{"answer": "database", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger's built-in database transport uses Doctrine to store messages in database tables."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Custom middleware can be added to the Messenger pipeline and placed before or after the built-in middleware." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony's standard release cycle is a major version every two years and a minor version every six months, in May and November."}

{"answer":"8.3","explanation":"Symfony 8 requires at least PHP 8.3."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 7.0 removed support for docblock annotations, requiring PHP attributes instead."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "AssetMapper can handle CSS and JavaScript asset mapping without Node.js or webpack using an importmap.php file." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony 6.4 is an LTS (Long Term Upgrade) release, so it does receive long-term support." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Major Symfony releases remove the deprecations from the previous branch; the deprecation cycle works by deprecating in one major version and removing in the next major version."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony publishes an UPGRADE guide for each major release documenting breaking changes and upgrade instructions." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "Symfony AssetMapper", ⏎   "explanation": "The Symfony AssetMapper component manages assets and importmap without Node.js or webpack." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony's release schedule places version 8.2 in 2026 before November 7, 2026."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Under Symfony’s normal release cadence, November 2026 corresponds to Symfony 7.4 LTS, not 8.2."}

{"answer":"8.2","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 is the next minor release after 8.1."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 is a minor release within the 8.x line, not a major release requiring a full rewrite."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A 8.1 → 8.2 update is a minor release within the same PHP 8 major line and is intended to remain backward compatible."}

{"answer": 8.4, "explanation": "Following Symfony's consistent pattern of five minor releases per major branch (e.g., 4.4 before 5.0, 5.4 before 6.0, 6.4 before 7.0, 7.4 before 8.0), the last 8.x minor version before Symfony 9.0 is 8.4."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 requires PHP 8.5, so PHP must be upgraded to meet the new requirement."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Deprecations introduced in the Symfony 8.x branch are intended to remain until they are removed in Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig's {{ }} output tags use a restricted expression language for rendering variables, registered functions, and filters, not arbitrary PHP code."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Twig automatically escapes printed variables by default to prevent security issues." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "By default, Twig's |e filter escapes a string for safe output in an HTML context."}

{"answer":"format_number","explanation":"The format_number filter in twig/intl-extra formats a numeric value using the specified locale."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"The raw filter outputs the value without escaping."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Twig, {{ }} prints an expression value, while {% %} executes tags such as conditions, loops, and assignments."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig allows you to declare variables inside templates using the `set` tag."}

{"answer": "dump", "explanation": "The Twig dump function outputs the debug structure of a variable."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap is primarily a CSS/JavaScript library for UI components, not a single-page application framework."}

{"answer": "container", "explanation": "The Bootstrap .container class provides a responsive container with fixed max-width values at each breakpoint."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The Bootstrap grid is based on 12 columns, and modern Bootstrap uses flexbox rather than CSS floats."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Modern Bootstrap (e.g., Bootstrap 4/5) defines five named breakpoints: sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Utilities like .mt-3 and .px-2 use a number multiplied by the base spacing value, such as $spacer."}

{"answer": "data-bs-toggle", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, data-bs-toggle is used to enable and trigger interactive components such as dropdowns."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 dropped its jQuery dependency in favor of its own vanilla JavaScript implementation."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"In Bootstrap 5, dark mode is enabled by adding data-bs-theme=\"dark\" to the root element, not by a .dark class."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "false", ⏎   "explanation": "Doctrine ORM does not create database tables automatically when an entity is first used at runtime." ⏎ }

{"answer": "persist", "explanation": "EntityManager::persist() marks a new object as managed without executing SQL until flush() is called."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Doctrine ORM 3, EntityManager::merge() exists and makes the passed object managed."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Doctrine Query Language is entity-oriented and uses entities and their properties rather than database tables and columns." ⏎ }

{"answer":"null","explanation":"The find method returns null when no record with the given id exists."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The DoctrineBundle's EventSubscriber listens to the kernel.end_request event and calls EntityManager::flush() automatically at the end of every request." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A managed entity is already tracked by the Unit of Work, so property changes are detected automatically and flush() issues the corresponding UPDATE without needing persist()."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "remove() only marks the entity for deletion in the unit of work; the actual SQL DELETE is executed when flush() is called (or implicitly at the end of a request/transaction)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PostgreSQL's MVCC allows readers and writers to proceed concurrently without blocking each other." ⏎ }

{"answer":"EXPLAIN","explanation":"The EXPLAIN command in SQL displays how a query will be executed (the execution plan) without actually running the query."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SERIAL is a convenience shorthand that creates a sequence and default, while GENERATED ... AS IDENTITY is a separate SQL standard identity-column mechanism with different semantics."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL treats NULL values as distinct by default, so a UNIQUE constraint allows multiple rows with NULL in the column."}

{"answer": "string_agg()", "explanation": "PostgreSQL's string_agg() is an aggregate function that concatenates values with a specified separator, e.g., string_agg(column, ',')."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Plain VACUUM reclaims space for reuse within the table but does not shrink it or return pages to the operating system."}

{"answer": "PARTITION BY", "explanation": "The PARTITION BY keyword in a SQL window function definition divides the result set into groups (partitions) over which the window function is computed."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "READ COMMITTED prevents dirty reads but does not protect against non-repeatable reads."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "By default, PostgreSQL is in autocommit mode, so each statement is executed in its own transaction and committed automatically." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "COMMIT", ⏎   "explanation": "COMMIT ends a transaction and makes all changes permanent." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Indexes can speed up UPDATE and DELETE statements when they search on an indexed column, in addition to SELECT."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"SAVEPOINT allows you to create a named checkpoint within a transaction, and ROLLBACK TO <savepoint> undoes only the statements executed after that point while preserving the rest of the transaction."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "EXPLAIN ANALYZE executes the query to collect actual execution statistics." ⏎ }

{"answer": "pgvector", "explanation": "pgvector is the PostgreSQL extension that provides vector types and index support for embedding search."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A partial index stores only the rows whose rows satisfy the WHERE condition."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE through serializable snapshot isolation with anomaly detection, not by simply locking the rows a transaction reads."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP 201 Created indicates that the request successfully created a new resource."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP status 204 No Content indicates a successful request where the server intentionally returns no body in the response, which is the typical response after a DELETE operation."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Per RFC 9110, DELETE is explicitly defined as an idempotent HTTP method, meaning repeating the same DELETE request has the same effect as a single request (the resource is deleted the first time and subsequent attempts find nothing to delete)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Access-Control-Allow-Origin is a server response header, not a client-sent header." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP 429 indicates that the client has sent too many requests in a given amount of time, often due to rate limiting."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server-side errors."}

{"answer": "Content-Type", "explanation": "The Content-Type HTTP header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "True: unlike PUT, PATCH is not required to be idempotent." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "A plain == comparison is not sufficient because it is vulnerable to timing attacks; PHP's hash_equals() function should be used instead to perform a constant-time comparison." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"CSRF tokens are generated and bound to the user's session, then validated server-side for unsafe methods like POST to prevent cross-site request forgery."}

{"answer":"Content-Security-Policy","explanation":"The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header defines and enforces a Content Security Policy."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "OAuth 2.0 is an authorization protocol, and access tokens are primarily for resource access rather than identifying the user."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Server-side validation before storing data does not reliably prevent XSS, because unsafe content can still be rendered later without proper output encoding."}

{"answer": "authorization_code", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, the authorization_code parameter is returned to the redirect_uri and then exchanged at the token endpoint for an access token."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Refresh tokens are typically longer-lived than access tokens and can be used to obtain new access tokens without the user logging in again."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A salt does not need to be kept secret; it is typically stored alongside the hash to allow verification while preventing rainbow table attacks."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PHPUnit requires test classes to extend PHPUnit's TestCase class to run its test methods." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "setUp() runs before each individual test method, while setUpBeforeClass() (formerly setUpClass()) runs once before all tests of the class."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A data provider can provide multiple sets of arguments for a test."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "expectException", ⏎   "explanation": "The PHPUnit method expectException() declares that an exception of the given class is expected to be thrown." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHPUnit, a mock verifies method calls, while a stub primarily returns predefined data without verification."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHPUnit 10+, the #[DataProvider] attribute is the recommended and supported way to provide data for tests, while the legacy @dataProvider docblock annotation is deprecated."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHPUnit is designed around the principle of test independence, explicitly forbidding one test from depending on the result or execution order of another."}

{"answer": "3-3", "explanation": "intdiv(7, 2) is 3 and intdiv(-7, 2) is -3, concatenated into the string \"3-3\"."}

{ ⏎   "answer": -9, ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, the exponentiation operator ** has higher precedence than the unary minus operator, so this is equivalent to -(3 ** 2)." ⏎ }

{"answer": "true", "explanation": "Both operands are numeric strings, so PHP's loose comparison treats them as numbers, and 1e1 equals 10."}

{"answer": "other", "explanation": "Assuming current PHP (8+), the non-numeric string 'a' is not treated as 0, so the default case executes."}

{"answer": "2c", "explanation": "strtr with an associative array replaces the longest matching key first, so 'ab' becomes '2'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "[hello]", ⏎   "explanation": "A negative start of -10 is beyond the beginning of 'hello', so substr returns the entire string." ⏎ }

{"answer": "k,n,m", "explanation": "The + operator merges the arrays while preserving left-array values, resulting in keys k, n, and m."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yxz", ⏎   "explanation": "The array is sorted by each sub-array's third element, producing rows in the order y, x, z." ⏎ }

{"answer": 4, "explanation": "The spread array passes named arguments, assigning $b = 1 and $a = 5, so $a - $b is 5 - 1."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "$f = $p->g(...) creates a first-class callable bound to the P object's g method, and the callable retains the object even after $p = null, so it returns 3." ⏎ }

{"answer": "B", "explanation": "static::class uses late static binding and returns the class of the object that called the method."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 10, ⏎   "explanation": "The set hook doubles the assigned value, and assignment inside the hook writes to the property's internal storage without re-invoking the setter." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "BA", ⏎   "explanation": "TB::f is chosen for f() via insteadof, while TA::f is aliased to g()." ⏎ }

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Each class that uses a trait gets its own separate static property, so CY::$n is not affected by changing CX::$n."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "A return statement inside the finally block overrides the return value from the try block."}

{"answer": "second", "explanation": "The LogicException thrown in the finally block replaces the RuntimeException, and it is caught by the outer catch(LogicException) handler, which echoes 'second'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "App\\Foo|Baz", ⏎   "explanation": "The imported alias Baz::class resolves to App\\Foo, while \\Baz::class refers to the global class name Baz." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yesyes", ⏎   "explanation": "Both class_exists checks find the class Foo in the current Ns namespace." ⏎ }

{"answer": "1,2,99", "explanation": "The foreach loop leaves $v as a reference to the last array element, so assigning to $v changes that element to 99."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The static variable in the inherited method is shared across both objects, so it increments three times." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 11, ⏎   "explanation": "send(10) assigns 10 to $x, then the generator returns 10 + 1, so getReturn() outputs 11." ⏎ }

{"answer":"1,2,ok","explanation":"yield from forwards the values yielded by inner (1 and 2) and returns inner's explicit return value ('ok'), which outer then yields."}

{"answer":"noyes","explanation":"The first call returns false because the hash uses the same bcrypt cost, and the second returns true because a higher cost requires rehashing."}

{"answer": "strict-in", "explanation": "On PHP 8.5, the 2048 bit (E_COMPILE_ERROR) is included in E_ALL, so the bitwise AND is non-zero."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "missing", ⏎   "explanation": "The sixth argument in Request::create is the contents parameter, not the headers parameter, so the X-Token header is not set." ⏎ }

{"answer": "CBA", "explanation": "Symfony listeners are invoked in ascending priority order, so C (5), B (10), then A with the default priority of 100."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "same", ⏎   "explanation": "Doctrine's identity map returns the existing loaded entity for the same ID from the same EntityManager, so both find calls return the same object instance." ⏎ }

```json ⏎ {"answer": 0, "explanation": "The entity is persisted and then removed before any flush, so the auto-increment insert never executes and nothing is inserted into the users table."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "COUNT(x) counts only non-NULL values in column x."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "10,30,60", ⏎   "explanation": "The window sum produces cumulative totals 10, 30, and 60, which are concatenated with commas." ⏎ }

{"answer": "M1M2", "explanation": "The two middlewares run in constructor order and echo their tags before the missing next middleware would throw."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 11, ⏎   "explanation": "Both handlers registered for Ping are invoked, so $n increases by 1 and then by 10." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 1, ⏎   "explanation": "The first insert succeeds and the second is ignored due to the unique index conflict." ⏎ }

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "Because the unique constraint is DEFERRABLE INITIALLY DEFERRED, both duplicate inserts are allowed until COMMIT, so SELECT count(*) returns 2."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 6, ⏎   "explanation": "The unanchored --filter regex matches both test_sum and test_sum_abs, and each data-provider method contributes three test variants." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "2, 1", ⏎   "explanation": "The data provider yields two datasets, $x=1 and $x=-1, and only the negative case fails assertTrue($x > 0)." ⏎ }

{"answer":"POST","explanation":"curl's -d option sends the data in the body using POST by default."}

{"answer": "GET", "explanation": "curl -G makes -d send the data as a query string with a GET request."}

{"answer": "invalid_client", "explanation": "Per RFC 6749 Section 4.1.2.3, when the authorization server does not recognize the client_id provided in the token request, it returns the error value 'invalid_client'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "fragment", ⏎   "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 implicit grant (response_type=token), the authorization server returns the access token in the fragment part of the redirect_uri." ⏎ }

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The false value triggers the default filter to return 2, which is then multiplied by 3."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 1, ⏎   "explanation": "The empty string element violates the listable NotBlank constraint, producing one violation." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "same", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony's container caches the instantiated service, so both calls to get('a') return the same object." ⏎ }

{"answer": "hi Bob", "explanation": "Symfony resolves the parameter placeholder to the value of the already resolved 'greeting' parameter."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "992px", ⏎   "explanation": "Bootstrap 5.3 sets .container's max-width to 992px at the 992px and above breakpoint." ⏎ }

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"In Bootstrap 5.3, the .text-danger rule is declared after .text-primary, so it wins the cascade."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain class depends on both Application and Infrastructure, violating the Domain → Domain-only rule twice." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The BillingService class is in the Domain layer, which may only depend on Domain. It depends on PlaceOrder (Application) and Db + Logger (Infrastructure), giving 3 violations." ⏎ }

{"answer": "10,15", "explanation": "The readonly amount is assigned in the constructor and $c receives the sum of 10 and 5."}

{"answer":"1","explanation":"remove() throws a DomainException before unsetting 'a' because count is 1, the exception is caught, and the item remains, so count() returns 1."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "hi", ⏎   "explanation": "The method returns the string 'hi' and echo prints it." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yesno", ⏎   "explanation": "Reading a property on an uninitialized lazy ghost triggers its initializer, so the second check is no." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"AbstractGuardAuthenticator was deprecated in Symfony 6.3 and removed in Symfony 7.0, so it no longer exists in 8.1 and class_exists returns false."}

{"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "Symfony 8.1 no longer ships the annotation class loader but still ships the attribute class loader, so the checks are false then true."}