Карта знаний PHP — bonsai-2:27b, run-21 · think: low

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Single-quoted strings do not interpolate variables or process most escape sequences, while double-quoted strings do."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP's null coalescing operator (??) uses isset-like semantics and does not raise warnings for undefined variables." ⏎ }

{"answer": "ab", "explanation": "PHP's echo outputs its arguments consecutively when separated by commas."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, print returns 1 and can be used inside an expression." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The elvis operator returns its right operand when its left operand is falsy." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, the concatenation operator has lower precedence than addition and subtraction, so \"a\" . 1 + 2 becomes \"a\" . 3."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The ** operator in PHP is right-associative, so 2 ** 3 ** 2 is evaluated as 2 ** (3 ** 2) = 2 ** 9 = 512, not (2 ** 3) ** 2 = 64."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP's === compares arrays only if they have identical keys and values in the same order."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The == operator is a loose comparison, and 0 == false returns true because false is compared as 0." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP 8, the non-numeric string \"abc\" is not converted to 0, and it is compared as a string to \"0\", so \"abc\" == 0 is false." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP loose comparison, null == 0, null == '', and null == false are all true." ⏎ }

{"answer": 42, "explanation": "PHP casts a string to its leading numeric part and ignores the trailing 'abc'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 10, ⏎   "explanation": "The string '5' is cast to the number 5, so 5 + 5 equals 10." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, casting the boolean false to a string produces \"0\"."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP uses binary floating-point arithmetic, so 0.1 + 0.2 is not exactly equal to 0.3."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "strrev() reverses bytes, not characters, so UTF-8 multibyte sequences are usually corrupted."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The string 'Hello world' contains the substring 'world'."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"str_pad() can pad on the left, right, or both sides."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"By default, PHP's trim() strips whitespace, including spaces, tabs, and newlines."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The UTF-8 encoding of 'é' takes 2 bytes, while the other four characters take 1 byte each, for a total of 6 bytes."}

{"answer": "def", "explanation": "Starting from offset -3 takes the last three characters of the string."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"ucfirst() does not modify the string in place; it returns a new string with the first character capitalized."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Heredoc allows variable interpolation while nowdoc treats all content as literal, so variables are not interpolated in nowdoc."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHP's sort() reindexes the array and does not preserve key-to-value associations; ksort() or asort() do."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, array keys that are valid integer representations (like the string '5') are automatically cast to integers, so $arr['5'] and $arr[5] are the same."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "in_array() uses loose comparison by default unless the strict parameter is set to true."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, array_filter() without a callback keeps only elements that are truthy and removes falsy values."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The preserve_keys parameter of array_slice() defaults to true, which keeps the original indices of the elements in the array."}

{"answer": "[20, 30]", "explanation": "array_slice() returns the subarray starting at offset 1 with length 2."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The + operator merges arrays, with right-array keys overriding left-array keys for matching keys, resulting in two elements."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.1 extended array spread literals to support arrays with string keys."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP allows mixing named arguments with ...$args in one call, as long as the named arguments come after the unpacked arguments."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A PHP closure must capture outer variables with use, except $this is automatically inherited in class context."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "func_num_args() returns the number of arguments actually passed to the function, so f(1, 2, 3) returns 3."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP arrow functions have a single-expression body and do not support multiple expressions in curly braces." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PHP arrow functions capture outer variables by value (not by reference) at the time of invocation, as specified in the PHP 8.0 RFC and documentation."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHP, a closure declared as static does not automatically capture the enclosing $this."}

{"answer": 5, "explanation": "use ($x) copies the value of $x by default, so the closure returns 5 even after $x is changed to 7."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Without strict_types, PHP coerces the numeric string \"5\" to an integer for an int parameter."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.0 introduced constructor property promotion, allowing parameters to become class properties."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "final", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, the final keyword prevents a method from being overridden in subclasses." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, a method declared final cannot be overridden by a subclass."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Private properties in a PHP parent class are not accessible from a subclass."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "AnonymousClass", ⏎   "explanation": "get_class(new class {}) returns a generated name whose prefix before the NUL byte is AnonymousClass, followed by the file/path identifier." ⏎ }

{"answer":"true","explanation":"Private methods are not inherited and do not impose a visibility requirement on similarly named methods in child classes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "__get() is also called for inaccessible properties, not only non-existent ones."}

{"answer": "Error", "explanation": "Attempting to reassign a readonly property in PHP throws an Error, not an Exception."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, interfaces can declare constants."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "instanceof", ⏎   "explanation": "The instanceof operator checks whether a given object is an instance of a particular class or implements a specified interface." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP interfaces can declare abstract static methods, which implementing classes must define."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP's instanceof operator can also check whether an object implements a given interface." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, interface methods can only declare signatures without a method body; they cannot have default implementations, unlike trait methods."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, abstract methods are allowed to have either public or protected visibility."}

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "Foo::cases() returns one array element for each enum case."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, traits are allowed to declare constants." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Throwable is the common abstract parent of both Exception and Error in PHP, making it the shared ancestor in the throwable hierarchy."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, TypeError extends Error, not Exception, so catch (Exception $e) does not catch TypeError." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The @ operator suppresses PHP errors, not exceptions."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "DivisionByZeroError", ⏎   "explanation": "intdiv() throws a DivisionByZeroError when the divisor is zero." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"A finally block runs when the try-catch-finally block exits, regardless of whether an exception was caught."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An exception thrown in a finally block does affect control flow and can propagate outward, overriding the try block's result."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, casting an object to boolean always results in true." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP calls registered shutdown functions during normal script termination, including when exit() or die() is invoked."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The use statement is only an alias/import declaration that does not trigger any class loading; the class file is actually loaded later when the class is first referenced (e.g., via `new`), and only then does the autoloader (or explicit require/include) load it."}

{"answer": "function", "explanation": "In PHP, a function is imported with `use function namespace\\function();`."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Controller/Api/UserController.php", ⏎   "explanation": "PSR-4 converts the sub-namespaces Controller and Api into directories and the class name into a .php file under src/." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Composer's vendor/autoload.php loads autoloader configurations and registers handlers using spl_autoload_register()." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In PHP, __NAMESPACE__ returns the name of the namespace in which the current file is compiled." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "An unqualified class name is resolved relative to the current namespace, while a leading backslash is used to reference the global root." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PSR-4 maps App\\Model\\User to src/Model/User.php by converting namespace parts into directory names and the class name into the filename."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP permits a use import inside a function body, and the imported alias is scoped to that function only."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In PHP, arrays are value types, so assigning one array to another creates a copy."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "PHP arrays are copied by value on assignment, so modifying $b does not affect $a." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "A function's local scope does not automatically expose top-level PHP variables, so access requires the global keyword, $GLOBALS, or passing the variable as a parameter." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "unset($GLOBALS['x']) unsets the variable from the global scope, not only for the current function."}

{"answer": 6, "explanation": "The function modifies $n by reference, incrementing it from 5 to 6."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP's foreach over an array by value does not copy the array itself; it copies only the current element, so in-loop array changes are reflected." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Static properties belong to the class, so they are shared by all instances."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, a boolean key like true is cast to the integer 1 when used as an array key, not stored as a boolean."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"A generator's return value is accessible through Generator::getReturn() after iteration completes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHP, generators are one-shot iterators and cannot be restarted after being fully consumed."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Python, `yield from` delegates iteration to another generator or iterable."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "Generator", ⏎   "explanation": "Calling a generator function returns a Generator object, and get_class() returns its class name." ⏎ }

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The generator yields the three values 1, 2, and 3, so iterator_to_array returns a three-element array."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SplStack implements a LIFO (last-in, first-out) stack, not a FIFO queue."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "ArrayIterator wraps an array and implements the Iterator interface, allowing it to be traversed." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "ArrayObject is a Traversable object and can be directly traversed with foreach."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_hash() automatically generates and stores the salt in the returned hash, so you should not pass a separate salt."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "PASSWORD_DEFAULT selects the recommended password hashing algorithm, not MD5, and it does not add a salt automatically because that is part of the chosen algorithm's hashing process." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "password_verify returns true because the provided password matches the hash generated from the same password."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"strip_tags() only removes HTML tags and does not prevent SQL injection."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_regenerate_id() generates a new session ID, which is a standard technique to prevent session fixation attacks by ensuring a fresh session identifier after authentication events like login."}

{"answer": "php_sapi_name", "explanation": "The php_sapi_name() built-in PHP function returns a string containing the name of the active SAPI, such as 'cli', 'fpm', or 'apache2handler'."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "session_destroy() deletes the session data on the server, but the session cookie remains in the browser unless explicitly deleted."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The $_SESSION array is only populated with session data after you call session_start(), which initializes the session and loads the associated data into the superglobal."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "array_find() is not a PHP function; it does not exist in any PHP version."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Property hooks that define get/set logic directly in a property declaration were introduced in PHP 8.4." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 8.4 introduced asymmetric property visibility, allowing a property to be publicly readable but privately settable, e.g. `public private(set) string $name;`."}

{"answer": "8.3", "explanation": "The #[\\NoDiscard] attribute was introduced in PHP 8.3 to mark function return values as non-discardable, requiring the value to be used."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "none", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP has no built-in pipe operator (|>) in any released PHP version." ⏎ }

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "The clone-with syntax was introduced in PHP 8.4."}

{"answer": "none", "explanation": "array_first() and array_last() are not part of PHP's standard library in any version; they are Laravel helper functions, not built-in PHP functions."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "8.5", ⏎   "explanation": "RFC Partial Function Application v2 was accepted for PHP 8.5." ⏎ }

{"answer": "8.5", "explanation": "The clamp() function was implemented in PHP 8.5 following the clamp_v2 RFC."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Context Managers v2 was adopted for PHP 8.5."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The RFC was declined in a different year, not 2026."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "To my knowledge, no RFC enabling ZTS (Zend Thread Safety / multithreading) by default has been accepted in PHP; the default build mode has historically remained non-ZTS."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP 8.5 still does not include built-in generics or parameterized types."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP has been released in November each year since 8.0, so 8.5 (Nov 2025) would be the latest stable before 8.6 GA in Nov 2026, making the statement consistent with PHP's established release cycle."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"PHP 7.0 was released after PHP 5.6, with no stable PHP 6 release."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The RFC was accepted and the Deprecated attribute was added to PHP core."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In clean and onion architectures, dependencies point inward so inner/core layers do not depend on outer layers."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Domain entities should be framework-agnostic and typically depend only on core PHP and standard library features." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Controllers and Twig templates are presentation-layer components, not business-logic layer components."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "domain logic", ⏎   "explanation": "The center of onion architecture contains the core business or domain logic, which outer layers depend on." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Layer-dependency analyzers like deptrac can automatically detect and fail on forbidden cross-layer calls that violate architectural layer boundaries."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Use cases should accept domain inputs and depend on abstractions, not HTTP requests or concrete persistence objects like an EntityManager."}

{"answer":"Repository","explanation":"A repository provides a collection of domain aggregates or entities through an interface while abstracting the storage mechanism."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In clean architecture, database-specific implementations belong in the outer adapter layer, leaving the inner domain and use-case logic unchanged."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "An aggregate is a bounded domain object that encapsulates business rules and consistency, not merely a database table."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Value Objects are typically immutable and use value equality rather than reference identity for comparison."}

{"answer": "Aggregate root", "explanation": "In DDD, the aggregate root is the sole entry point for modifying the aggregate."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In DDD, repositories are responsible for persisting and retrieving aggregate roots, not individual entities."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In domain-driven design, the ubiquitous language is the shared vocabulary used by developers and domain experts to describe the model."}

{"answer": "namespace", "explanation": "A namespace is the scoping boundary where related models and identifiers are unambiguous, while the same names elsewhere can refer to different models."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "DDD generally recommends rich domain models with behavior inside aggregates, not anemic models."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In a bounded context, each context has its own model, so the same concept can be represented by different classes in different contexts."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony container services are typically instantiated only when first requested or when injected, not all at startup." ⏎ }

{"answer": "symfony:routes", "explanation": "The Symfony console command symfony:routes displays all registered routes."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony autowiring automatically discovers and registers services based on their type-hints, so you do not need to manually declare every service in services.yaml."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Twig compiles templates into PHP code (often as template classes) and caches them for reuse across requests."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony's development environment, the container is compiled and cached, and is only recompiled when tracked source files have been modified."}

{"answer": "APP_ENV", "explanation": "In modern Symfony (4.x and later), the APP_ENV environment variable selects the active environment (e.g., dev, prod, staging)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony routing resolves controller actions as external callables or via reflection, both of which respect PHP method visibility; private methods cannot be invoked from outside the class, so they cannot be used as route actions." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "There is no built-in PHP rule that event subscribers receive events before listeners based on their interface." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony 6.0 removed the old Guard system and uses the new AuthenticatorInterface-based authentication mechanism."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "IsGranted", ⏎   "explanation": "The IsGranted attribute checks a user's role or permission on a controller action and raises a 403 AccessDeniedException when access is denied." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony voters are used by isGranted() to determine whether the current user has permission to perform an action on a specific object." ⏎ }

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Doctrine mapping annotations are deprecated but still supported in Symfony 7, so they are not no longer supported."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony forms include CSRF protection by default and validate the submitted CSRF token during form validation."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Client-side HTML5 validation only checks the browser, and Symfony still performs its own server-side validation when the form is submitted."}

{"answer": "make:form", "explanation": "The Symfony MakerBundle command make:form generates a form type class."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony does not store the user's password in plain text in the session; passwords are hashed and only authentication data such as a user identifier is stored."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony bundle configuration is typically organized in config/packages with one file per bundle or topic."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Committed .env files usually hold default/non-secret values, while .env.local holds local secrets and is ignored."}

{"answer": "debug:container", "explanation": "The debug:container command lists all registered services in the service container along with their aliases."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The container/service locator used in a controller is read-only, so setParameter() is not available to change parameters at runtime."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "By default, Symfony services are not public (public: false), which is the case since Symfony 3.4+ to enforce encapsulation and security."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "A bundle does not always require a configuration file; many can work without one." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Yes, %env(VAR)% is the placeholder syntax used to reference environment variables in Symfony service configuration."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "APP_DEBUG", ⏎   "explanation": "The APP_DEBUG environment variable enables Symfony's debug mode, affecting the profiler and Twig debugging." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger allows a single message to be handled by multiple handlers/subscribers."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "The sync transport processes the message immediately within the current process rather than queueing it for a separate worker to handle asynchronously."}

{"answer": "messenger:consume", "explanation": "The Symfony Messenger component uses the messenger:consume command to start a worker that processes queued messages."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "In Symfony Messenger, the retry option (including multiplier, max_attempts, and lock_timeout) is configured within each transport's options in the messenger configuration, making it a per-transport setting."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Messenger serializes messages to JSON by default."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony Scheduler is intended to create and dispatch messages through Symfony Messenger on a defined schedule."}

{"answer": "database", "explanation": "Symfony Messenger's built-in DatabaseTransport uses Doctrine to persist messages in database tables."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "The Messenger pipeline supports adding custom middleware that can be inserted before or after existing built-in middleware." ⏎ }

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony follows a release cadence with major/LTS releases every two years and minor releases every six months, typically in May and November."}

{"answer": "8.4", "explanation": "Symfony 8 requires PHP 8.4 or newer."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony removed legacy docblock annotation support in 6.0, so 7.0 requires PHP attributes for validation and routing."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"AssetMapper uses an importmap.php-based import map to manage CSS/JS assets without requiring Node.js or Webpack."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 6.4 is a long-term support release, not just a regular release without LTS."}

{"answer":"false","explanation":"Symfony major releases remove deprecations that were introduced in the previous major branch."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony provides an UPGRADE guide with each major release documenting all changes, deprecations, and breaking changes."}

{"answer": "Asset Mapper", "explanation": "Symfony's Asset Mapper (symfony/asset-mapper), introduced in Symfony 6.1, manages CSS/JS assets and importmaps without requiring Node.js or webpack."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Symfony 8.2 was not yet released as of 2026-11-07."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Symfony's usual six-month release cycle places Symfony 8.2 in November 2026, after Symfony 8.1 in May 2026."}

{"answer":"8.2","explanation":"The immediate next Symfony version after 8.1 is 8.2."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 would be a minor (or patch) release within the 8.x cycle, not a major release; the major release would be 8.0, and as of current knowledge Symfony 8 has not yet been released."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHP minor releases like 8.1 to 8.2 maintain backward compatibility, so no code changes are required."}

{"answer":"8.4","explanation":"Symfony 8.4 is the final minor release in the 8.x branch before Symfony 9.0."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Symfony 8.2 will require PHP 8.5, so you would need to upgrade PHP to use that Symfony version."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Deprecations added in Symfony 8.x are kept until at least the next major release, Symfony 9.0." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Twig's {{ }} expressions use a restricted template language and do not allow arbitrary PHP code."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"Twig does not auto-escape printed variables by default; you must enable auto-escaping explicitly."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The Twig |e filter escapes a string by default for safe output in an HTML context."}

{"answer": "number_format", "explanation": "The twig/intl-extra package provides the `number_format` filter, which uses ICU to format a number with locale-appropriate separators and grouping."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Blade, the |raw filter outputs the value without auto-escaping."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "In Twig, {{ }} outputs an expression value, while {% %} executes tags such as if, for, and set." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Twig allows you to declare variables inside a template using {% set %}." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "dump", ⏎   "explanation": "Twig's dump function displays the debug structure of a variable." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap is primarily a front-end UI library, not a single-page application framework."}

{"answer":"container","explanation":"The Bootstrap container class provides a responsive container with a fixed max-width at each breakpoint."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "The Bootstrap grid uses 12 columns, and modern versions use Flexbox rather than CSS floats." ⏎ }

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"Bootstrap's class-name infixes for named breakpoints are sm, md, lg, xl, and xxl."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The number is an index into the spacing scale, not a literal multiple of $spacer (e.g., .px-2 is 0.5rem, not 2rem)."}

{"answer": "data-bs-toggle", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5, the data-bs-toggle attribute is used to enable interactive components such as dropdowns, modals, and tooltips on an element."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 removed its dependency on jQuery and its components can be used with vanilla JavaScript." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Bootstrap 5 enables dark mode with data-bs-theme=\"dark\", not a .dark class on the root element."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Doctrine ORM does not create tables automatically at runtime; you must explicitly generate or migrate the schema using Doctrine Migrations or the schema generation tools."}

{"answer": "persist", "explanation": "EntityManager::persist() registers a new object as managed without issuing SQL until flush()."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In Doctrine ORM 3, EntityManager::merge() takes a detached object and returns a managed instance, making it tracked by the EntityManager."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"DQL is object-oriented and uses entity and field names rather than database table or column names."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "null", ⏎   "explanation": "When no record with the given ID is found, find() returns null." ⏎ }

{"answer": "false", "explanation": "DoctrineBundle does not automatically call flush() at the end of every request; the developer must explicitly call EntityManager::flush()."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yes", ⏎   "explanation": "Doctrine's Unit of Work tracks modifications to managed entities, so flush() can commit property changes without persist()." ⏎ }

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "remove() only schedules the entity for deletion; the SQL DELETE is executed when flush() is called."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PostgreSQL's MVCC generally allows readers and writers to operate concurrently without blocking each other."}

{"answer":"EXPLAIN","explanation":"The EXPLAIN command displays a query's execution plan without actually executing the query."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "SERIAL is PostgreSQL's legacy convenience type for creating sequence-backed columns, while GENERATED AS IDENTITY is the standard SQL identity mechanism, so they are similar but not simply two names for the same thing."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PostgreSQL treats NULL values as distinct by default, so a UNIQUE constraint allows multiple rows containing NULL in the column."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "string_agg", ⏎   "explanation": "In PostgreSQL, string_agg() is the aggregate function that concatenates strings using a specified separator." ⏎ }

{"answer": "false", "explanation": "Plain VACUUM reclaims space within the database but does not return it to the operating system."}

{"answer":"PARTITION BY","explanation":"The PARTITION BY clause groups rows for the window function to compute over."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "READ COMMITTED prevents dirty reads but does not prevent non-repeatable reads."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In autocommit mode, PostgreSQL automatically commits each individual SQL statement in its own transaction."}

{"answer": "COMMIT", "explanation": "The COMMIT command ends a transaction and permanently saves the changes made within it."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Indexes can speed up UPDATE and DELETE statements that filter rows using indexed columns by helping locate the matching rows quickly."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"SAVEPOINT allows you to roll back a transaction to a specific point, undoing only the statements after that savepoint."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "EXPLAIN ANALYZE actually executes the query to collect real execution statistics, unlike plain EXPLAIN." ⏎ }

{"answer": "pgvector", "explanation": "pgvector is a PostgreSQL extension that adds native vector data types and GIN/GiST indexes for vector similarity search, commonly used for embedding search in AI applications."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "A partial index in PostgreSQL (and similar databases) contains only the index entries for rows that satisfy the WHERE condition, making it smaller and more efficient for queries that filter by that same condition."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "PostgreSQL implements SERIALIZABLE using serializable snapshot isolation, not by locking the rows a transaction reads; it detects serializable anomalies (such as write skew) and aborts the transaction instead."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP 201 indicates that the request successfully created a new resource."}

{"answer": 204, "explanation": "HTTP 204 No Content indicates success with no response body, commonly used after a successful DELETE."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "The HTTP specification (RFC 7231) defines DELETE as an idempotent method: a second DELETE for an already-deleted resource has no further effect, so repeating the request does not change the outcome beyond the first."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Access-Control-Allow-Origin header is sent by the server, not the client, to indicate which origins are allowed to access the resource."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "HTTP status 429 Too Many Requests is specifically used to indicate that a client has exceeded the server's rate limit."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "It's the opposite: 4xx codes indicate client errors, while 5xx codes indicate server errors."}

{"answer": "Content-Type", "explanation": "The Content-Type HTTP header specifies the MIME type of the request or response body."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "RFC 5789 explicitly states that PATCH is not required to be idempotent, unlike PUT, which is idempotent by definition in the HTTP specification."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "Use password_verify() or hash_equals() because a plain == comparison is not safe or reliable for hash validation."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "CSRF tokens are server-generated, session-bound values checked server-side on state-changing requests."}

{"answer": "Content-Security-Policy", "explanation": "The Content-Security-Policy HTTP header is used to declare and enforce CSP."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "OAuth 2.0 is primarily an authorization framework, and access tokens are used to grant permission rather than identify the user." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "no", ⏎   "explanation": "Preventing XSS mainly requires context-specific output encoding when data is displayed, not just input validation before storage." ⏎ }

{"answer": "code", "explanation": "In the OAuth 2.0 authorization code flow, the authorization server sends an authorization code in the 'code' query parameter to the redirect_uri, which the client then exchanges at the token endpoint for an access token."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "Refresh tokens typically have longer validity periods and are used to obtain new access tokens without requiring the user to log in again."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A password salt is usually stored with the hash and does not need to be kept secret."}

{"answer": "yes", "explanation": "PHPUnit discovers test methods by the \"test\" prefix and does not require the test class to extend TestCase."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "setUp() runs before each individual test method, not once; the method that runs once before all tests is setUpBeforeClass()."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "A data provider lets a test run with multiple sets of arguments, not exactly one."}

{"answer":"expectException()","explanation":"expectException() is the PHPUnit method that sets an expectation that a specific exception class will be thrown when the test code runs."}

{"answer": "no", "explanation": "In PHPUnit, a mock verifies method calls while a stub only returns data."}

{"answer":"yes","explanation":"In PHPUnit 10+, the #[DataProvider] attribute is the recommended way to attach a data provider to a test, while the @dataProvider annotation is deprecated."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"PHPUnit supports @depends (and the Depends attribute) to declare test dependencies, although such dependencies are discouraged."}

{"answer": "--random-order", "explanation": "PHPUnit 11 introduced the --random-order command-line option to shuffle the order in which tests are executed."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "3-4", ⏎   "explanation": "intdiv(7, 2) is 3 and intdiv(-7, 2) is -4 because PHP intdiv truncates toward negative infinity, so concatenation outputs 3-4." ⏎ }

{"answer": -9, "explanation": "In PHP, ** has higher precedence than unary minus, so the code is parsed as -(3 ** 2)."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "true", ⏎   "explanation": "PHP compares both numeric strings as numbers, so 1e1 equals 10." ⏎ }

{"answer":"other","explanation":"The switch subject 'a' does not match case 0, so the default case runs."}

{"answer":"2c","explanation":"strtr replaces the longest matching substring first, so 'ab' is replaced by '2'."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "[hello]", ⏎   "explanation": "The negative start value of -10 is less than the string length, so substr() starts at the beginning of 'hello'." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "k,n,m", ⏎   "explanation": "The array union keeps the left array's 'k' value and adds the right array's 'm' key, yielding keys k, n, and m." ⏎ }

```json ⏎ {"answer": "yxz", "explanation": "usort orders the sub-arrays by their third element (1, 2, 2), giving [2,'y',1], [1,'x',2], [3,'z',2]; array_column picks index 1 yielding ['y','x','z'] which implode to 'yxz'."} ⏎ ```

{"answer": 4, "explanation": "The array unpacks as named arguments a=5 and b=1, so the function returns 5 - 1."}

{"answer":3,"explanation":"$p->g(...) creates a first-class callable bound to the P object, so the object survives $p = null and $f() returns its private v."}

{"answer": "B", "explanation": "static::class uses late static binding, so it returns the class from which the method was actually called, B."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 10, ⏎   "explanation": "The setter stores the doubled value 10, and reading the property with no getter returns that stored value." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "BA", ⏎   "explanation": "The conflict is resolved so f uses TB, and TA::f is aliased as g, so f() returns 'B' and g() returns 'A'." ⏎ }

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "Each class that uses the trait gets its own static property, so CY::$n is unchanged."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "A return statement in a finally block overrides the return value from the try block." ⏎ }

{"answer": "second", "explanation": "The exception thrown in the finally block replaces the original RuntimeException and is caught by the outer catch."}

{"answer": "App\\Foo|Baz", "explanation": "Baz is an alias for App\\Foo, while \\Baz::class resolves to the global class name Baz."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "yesyes", ⏎   "explanation": "In namespace Ns, class_exists('Foo') finds Ns\\Foo, and class_exists('Ns\\Foo') also finds it, so both parts output yes." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": "1,2,99", ⏎   "explanation": "A foreach by reference leaves $v referencing the last array element, so assigning $v = 99 modifies $a[2]." ⏎ }

{"answer": 3, "explanation": "The static variable is shared by all calls to A's inc() method, including from B, so the third call returns 3."}

{"answer": 11, "explanation": "The first send(10) starts the generator, which yields 1, assigns 10 to $x, then executes return $x + 1 = 11."}

{"answer":"1,2,ok","explanation":"yield from yields 1 and 2, assigns the inner return value 'ok' to $r, and outer then yields that value once."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "noyes", ⏎   "explanation": "The first call uses the same algorithm and cost, so no rehash is needed; the second uses a higher cost, so rehashing is recommended." ⏎ }

{"answer": "strict-out", "explanation": "In PHP 8.5, bit 2048 (E_USER_ERROR) is no longer included in E_ALL, so the bitwise AND is zero."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "mapped", ⏎   "explanation": "Symfony normalizes the header HTTP_X_TOKEN to x-token, so get('X-Token') returns 'abc'." ⏎ }

{"answer": "BCA", "explanation": "Listeners run in descending priority order: 10 for B, 5 for C, and the default 0 for A."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "same", ⏎   "explanation": "Doctrine's EntityManager identity map returns the same already-loaded User instance for the same ID within the same EntityManager." ⏎ }

{"answer":0,"explanation":"Removing the entity before flush cancels the pending insert, so no row is created."}

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "count(x) counts non-null values, so only 1 is counted while NULL is ignored."}

{"answer":"10,30,60","explanation":"The window sum produces running totals 10, 30, and 60, and string_agg concatenates them in id order."}

{"answer": "M1M2", "explanation": "The MessageBus middleware chain processes in order, with the first middleware in the array being outermost, so M1 echoes first then M2 echoes before delegating to the next handler."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 11, ⏎   "explanation": "Both handlers are invoked, incrementing n by 1 and then by 10." ⏎ }

{"answer": 1, "explanation": "The second insert of 1 conflicts with the unique index and is ignored, so one row remains."}

{"answer": 2, "explanation": "The deferrable unique constraint is initially deferred, so duplicate inserts succeed within the transaction until it commits or rolls back."}

{"answer":6,"explanation":"--filter uses an unanchored regex on test method names, so it matches both test_sum and test_sum_abs, each running with the three data-provider values."}

{"answer": "2,1", "explanation": "The DataProvider supplies two datasets (1 and -1), and the assertion fails only for -1."}

{"answer": "POST", "explanation": "curl's -d option sends the data in the body using the POST method by default."}

{"answer": "GET", "explanation": "The -G flag forces curl to use the HTTP GET method and send the -d data as a query string."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "invalid_client", ⏎   "explanation": "A non-existent client_id is reported by the token endpoint as an invalid client error under RFC 6749." ⏎ }

{"answer":"fragment","explanation":"In the OAuth 2.0 implicit flow (response_type=token), the access_token is passed in the fragment (the part after the #) of the redirect_uri."}

{"answer": 0, "explanation": "In Twig, false is not undefined or null, so default(2) keeps false, and false * 3 evaluates to 0."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 0, ⏎   "explanation": "The array [''] is not empty, so NotBlank does not produce a violation." ⏎ }

{"answer": "valid", "explanation": "The form has no validator and no validation errors, so isValid() returns true."}

{"answer":"same","explanation":"Symfony's DI container caches instantiated services, so calling get('a') twice returns the same object instance."}

{ ⏎   "answer": "%greeting%", ⏎   "explanation": "The trailing ! marks the placeholder as literal, so compile does not replace it." ⏎ }

{"answer": "960px", "explanation": "In Bootstrap 5.3, the .container's max-width at min-width: 992px is 960px."}

{"answer":"text-danger","explanation":"In Bootstrap 5.3, same-specificity utility classes are resolved by source order in the compiled CSS, where .text-danger is generated after .text-primary, so .text-danger wins the cascade."}

{ ⏎   "answer": 2, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain class depends on an Application class and an Infrastructure class, so deptrac reports two violations." ⏎ }

{ ⏎   "answer": 3, ⏎   "explanation": "The Domain class depends on one Application class and two Infrastructure classes, and Domain may depend on Domain only." ⏎ }

{"answer": "10,15", "explanation": "The readonly amount is 10 for $a and the new Money object from add has 15, so concatenation outputs the string 10,15."}

{"answer": "1", "explanation": "The remove call throws DomainException before unset executes, so 'a' remains in $items, and count returns 1."}

{"answer": "hi", "explanation": "The object's hi method returns the string 'hi', which echo outputs."}

{"answer":"yesno","explanation":"Accessing $o->v triggers initialization of the lazy ghost, so the flag goes from true to false."}

{"answer":"no","explanation":"The Symfony Guard component, including AbstractGuardAuthenticator, was removed in later Symfony versions, so the class does not exist in Symfony 8.1."}

{"answer": "noyes", "explanation": "Symfony 8.1 removed AnnotationClassLoader while AttributeClassLoader remains, so the script prints no then yes."}